12:21 PM 7/24/2020

12:21 PM 7/24/2020

The Disease X-19 – 7.13.20 Update

Covid-19 Review: The Pandemic As The Bio-Info-Weapon – The Disease X-19

I respectfully recommend to WHO and the Scientific Community to rename “Covid-19” into the “Disease X-19”, because the etiology of this syndrome is highly uncertain, and it might involve more pathogens than Sars-Cov-2 alone (possibly Hantaviruses, ASF, and/or other infections). Furthermore; presently, as reported by the clinicians, the clinical picture appears to be the complex multi-organ – multi-system failures, it looks quite different from the one which was initially observed and described in China in the beginning of 2020. It is more than just the terminology; it is the correct unbiased thinking and the correct, fruitful research and the interventions. Naturally, the broader outlook changes the perspectives on the evaluation: all the relevant lab tests have to be performed, including on the old preserved samples. The comprehensive studies, testing this hypothesis are needed. It looks like from the times of Antiquity the Co-infections were the preferred tool of the Biowarfare as the simple method of increasing the pathogenic efficiency. The unusual and well documented proliferation of rodents, including the large rats in the major cities globally, along with their noticeably abnormal behavior is a clue that they might be the vectors in the transmissions of the combined infections. The recent, in the last several years, mostly reported in 2013-1019 massive epizootics of the viral illnesses in pigs livestock in China are the reasons for concern as the possible source of the infections in rodents and the possible zoonotic jump in the present Pandemic. This line of thought corresponds with the recently reported data about the earlier than thought previously emergence of the Pandemic: in the Spring-Summer of 2019, both in China and Europe, and the theoretical (computational) possibility of the Sars-Cov-2 emergence since at least 2013. We have to understand the nature of the Disease X-19, before we attempt to determine its origins. Michael Novakhov | 7.13.20

Selected Posts: The Disease X-19

“The greatest griefs are those we cause ourselves.” – from “Oedipus Rex” – The Disease X-19

The Hypothesis of the Disease X-19 as the New Abwehr Intelligence Operation and the new type of the combined Biological – Informational Warfare 

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Covid-19-Review

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Coronavirus Live Updates: C.D.C. Issues New Schools Guidance
The National Interest: Random Sampling Suggests COVID-19 Is 6 Times Deadlier Than Flu
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Coronavirus Live Updates: C.D.C. Issues New Schools Guidance
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . A new C.D.C. statement on schools calls for reopening and downplays the potential health risks. The top U.S. public health agency issued a full-throated call to reopen schools in a package of new resources and tools posted on its website Thursday night that opened with a statement that sounded more like a political speech than a scientific document, listing numerous benefits for children of being in school and downplaying the potential health risks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the new guidance two weeks after President Trump criticized its earlier recommendations on school reopenings as very tough and expensive, ramping up what had already been an anguished national debate over the question of how soon children should return to classrooms. As the president was criticizing the initial C.D.C. recommendations, a document from the agency surfaced that detailed the risks of reopening and the steps that districts were taking to minimize those risks. Reopening schools creates opportunity to invest in the education, well-being, and future of one of Americas greatest assets our children while taking every precaution to protect students, teachers, staff and all their families, the new opening statement said. The package of materials began with the opening statement, titled The Importance of Reopening Americas Schools This Fall, and repeatedly described children as being at low risk for being infected by or transmitting the coronavirus, even though the science on both aspects is far from settled. The best available evidence indicates if children become infected, they are far less likely to suffer severe symptoms, the statement said. At the same time, the harms attributed to closed schools on the social, emotional, and behavioral health, economic well-being, and academic achievement of children, in both the short- and long-term, are well-known and significant. While children infected by the virus are at low risk of becoming severely ill or dying, how often they become infected and how efficiently they spread the virus to others is not definitively known. Children in middle and high schools may also be at much higher risk of both than those under 10, according to some recent studies. Beyond the statement, the package included decision tools and checklists for parents, guidance on mitigation measures for schools to take and other information that some epidemiologists described as helpful. The new materials are meant to supplement guidance the C.D.C. previously issued on when and how to reopen schools, with recommendations such as keeping desks six feet apart and keeping children in one classroom all day instead of allowing them to move around. The new statement released on Thursday is a stark departure from the 69-page document, obtained by The New York Times earlier this month, marked For Internal Use Only, which was intended for federal public health response teams to have as they are deployed to hot spots around the country. That document classified as highest risk the full reopening of schools, and its suggestions for mitigating the risk of school reopenings would be expensive and difficult for many districts, like broad testing of students and faculty and contact tracing to find people exposed to an infected student or teacher. An Associated Press/NORC poll this week found that most Americans said they were very or extremely concerned that reopening K-12 schools for in-person instruction would contribute to spreading the virus. Altogether, 80 percent of respondents said they were at least somewhat concerned, including more than three in five Republicans. As global cases keep soaring, the virus rebounds in places that seemed to have tamed it. As the pandemic continues to grow around the world new cases have risen more than 35 percent since the end of June troubling resurgences have hit several places that were seen as models of how to respond to the virus. An outbreak in Melbourne, Australia, has rattled officials after extensive testing and early lockdowns had limited outbreaks for months. Hong Kong where schools, restaurants and malls were able to stay open has announced new restrictions in the face of its largest outbreak since the beginning of the pandemic. And cases have surged in Tokyo, which has avoided a full lockdown and relied on aggressive contact tracing to contain flare-ups. Spains reopening has stumbled in the month after it lifted a national lockdown. New cases have quadrupled, with high infection rates among young people, and forced hundreds of thousands of people to return to temporary lockdown. As governments around the world look to relax rules put in place to combat the virus, the experiences show how difficult it will be to keep outbreaks at bay. And they reflect, in some places, a weakening public tolerance for restrictions as the pandemic drags on. The scattered resurgences are not driving the pandemic. The biggest sources of new infections continue to be the United States, Brazil and India; the director general of the World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, noted this week that almost half of all cases worldwide came from just three countries. But the quick turn for the worse in places that once seemed to have gained the upper hand shows the range of vulnerabilities the virus is able to exploit. After Spains strict lockdown ended, the national government put regional governments in charge of reopening. That led to a patchwork of rules and regulations that varied widely in strictness and enforcement, much as they have in the United States. While the most serious outbreaks have been in northeastern Spain, only two regions Madrid and the Canary Islands reimposed requirements to wear face masks outdoors. In Tokyo, where the recent spikes in cases were attributed to young people congregating in nightlife districts, there have been unnerving signs that infections are now spreading to older people, too as they have in Florida. In Hong Kong, which succeeded early on by tightening borders and imposing quarantines, the resurgence has forced the government to re-close some businesses, reimpose mask orders and ask some workers to stay home. Once you loosen the restrictions too much, warned David Hui, the director of the Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, you face a rebound. Nearly 70,000 cases were recorded in the United States on Thursday, the third-most of any day in the pandemic. The total number of known cases in the country surpassed four million, according to a New York Times database, and the United States also recorded its third consecutive day of at least 1,100 deaths from the virus. In other news around the nation: Republicans struggled on Thursday to find agreement on a new proposal to lift the economy, with Senate leaders and the Trump administration at odds over multiple provisions, including how to extend unemployment benefits and White House requests for spending unrelated to the pandemic. Mr. Trump reversed course and canceled the portion of the Republican National Convention to be held in Jacksonville, Fla., just weeks after he moved the event from North Carolina because state officials wanted the party to take health precautions there. Officials in Washington State announced new restrictions on gatherings at restaurants, bars, weddings, funerals and other businesses. This is not the easy thing to do, but it is the right thing to do, Gov. Jay Inslee said in a statement. Alabama set a daily record for cases on Thursday, with 2,390. Four other states Hawaii, Indiana, Missouri and New Mexico also hit their single-day peak for new cases, while Florida and Tennessee had more virus-related deaths than on any other day. On Friday, Florida announced more than 12,440 cases and 135 deaths. A conservative think tank has asked the Oregon State Court of Appeals to issue an emergency stay against Gov. Kate Browns statewide mask mandate. The Washington-based Freedom Foundation filed the challenge on behalf of three plaintiffs who argue that they cannot wear masks because of their medical, psychological or political beliefs. Masks are set to become a statewide requirement for indoor spaces and outdoor areas when social distancing isnt possible on Friday. Representative John Lewis, the civil rights leader who died July 17, will lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda next week, before a public viewing outside. Mr. Lewiss family discouraged people from traveling to Washington for the event during the pandemic, instead asking for virtual tributes using the hashtags #BelovedCommunity or #HumanDignity. The actor and director Mel Gibson was hospitalized in California in April after testing positive for the virus but has since recovered, his representative said on Thursday. In Cochabamba, high in the Bolivian Andes, people line up daily outside pharmacies on the central plaza, eager to buy the scarce elixir they hope will ward off Covid-19: chlorine dioxide, a kind of bleach used to disinfect swimming pools and floors. Experts say drinking it is pointless at best and hazardous at worst. But in Bolivia, where people have been hospitalized after ingesting chlorine dioxide, regional authorities are testing it on prison inmates, the national Senate last week approved its use and a top lawmaker has threatened to expel the World Health Organization for opposing its medical use. Julio César Baldivieso, a local soccer hero and former national team captain, told a local television station that because Cochabambas hospitals dont have tests, they dont have materials, they dont have protective equipment, he and his family had turned to chlorine dioxide to treat their coronavirus symptoms. Bolivians have a lot of company in resorting to unproven and even dangerous treatments to prevent or treat infection. In every part of the world, hard science has had to compete for attention with pet theories, rumors and traditional beliefs during this pandemic, as in the past. Even in the United States, President Trump has promoted treatments that scientists say are useless. But interest in dubious medicines has been especially high recently in Latin America, where the virus is raging uncontrolled and many political leaders are promoting them, whether out of genuine faith or a desire to offer hope and deflect blame. In a region where few people can afford quality medical care, alternative treatments are widely touted on social media and exploited by profiteers. The people feel desperate when confronted with Covid-19, said Santiago Ron, an Ecuadorean biology professor, who has clashed with proponents of supposed treatments. They are very vulnerable to pseudoscientific promises. One of New Zealands secrets to its successful virus response may be a simple one: trust. In a national survey of more than 1,000 people, researchers found that nearly all New Zealanders have adopted hygiene practices known to deter the virus, and their belief in the authorities was at almost 100 percent. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has been praised internationally for her governments pandemic response and for her leadership through the crisis, which saw the country institute a total national lockdown when cases were just beginning. To date, the country has had just 1,556 cases and 22 deaths, and has gone 83 days without community transmission of the virus. Almost all New Zealanders correctly understand important facts about the coronavirus, with nearly nine in 10 aware of the symptoms, protective behaviors and asymptomatic transmission. The survey, led by Dr. Jagadish Thaker and Dr. Vishnu Menon of the Massey University School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, also noted widespread approval for how the government has handled the pandemic and praise for Ms. Ardern and the director general of health, Dr. Ashley Bloomfield. There was a feeling of unity and a sense that we had a leader looking after us, which was in sharp contrast to other leaders in the U.S. and U.K., Dr. Thaker said in a statement. Dr. Thaker noted that the success of New Zealands response had become the envy of the world as our lives return to normality. Global Roundup South Africa will close schools again, as the president warns of a coming wave of infections. President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa announced Thursday that the countrys public schools would shut down for the next four weeks, calling it a break. Children had begun returning to school in June in a phased reopening after a four-month shutdown. Schools are now set to close again on Monday. We have taken a deliberately cautious approach to keep schools closed during a period when the country is expected to experience its greatest increase in infections, Mr. Ramaphosa said in an address to the nation. A survey released Thursday from researchers at the University of Johannesburg and the Human Sciences Research Council showed that 60 percent of South African adults do not want schools to open again this year. With at least 408,000 coronavirus cases, South Africa is the fifth-hardest-hit country in the world and has the highest caseload in Africa, according to a New York Times database. There were more than 17,000 excess deaths in the country from May 6 to July 14, as compared to data from the past two years, according to a report from the South African Medical Research Council released this week. That is a 59 percent increase in the number of deaths by natural causes than would normally be expected. The numbers have shown a relentless increase, the report said. The councils president, Glenda Gray, said the excess deaths could be attributed to coronavirus as well as to H.I.V., tuberculosis and noncommunicable diseases as health services are re-orientated to support this health crisis. In other news from around the globe: France reported a sharp uptick in new virus cases on Thursday, with more than 1,000 new infections recorded in 24 hours. The rise confirms a weeks-long upward trend. There were about 800 new cases per day on average over the past seven days, compared with 500 per day the previous week, according to a New York Times database. Nevertheless, professional soccer will return Friday after a four-month lapse with a match for the French Cup final. Attendance in the Stade de France in Paris, which can hold 80,000 fans, will be capped at 5,000. Masks are now required in shops, supermarkets, transportation hubs and when picking up food and drink from restaurants in England. Those who refuse to wear a face covering could be fined up to 100 pounds, or $127. But as the new guidelines came into force on Friday, some supermarkets and coffee shop chains said they would not challenge customers who enter their businesses unmasked. Germany will offer free coronavirus tests to citizens returning from abroad as part of new measures agreed to on Friday to curb the viruss spread. Those who fly in from countries considered to be high-risk can undergo tests directly at the airport upon arrival, Jens Spahn, Germanys health minister said. The tests are voluntary, although officials are exploring the legal possibilities of making them mandatory. Germany recorded 815 new cases on Friday, more than double the number recorded at the beginning of July. Bring the change you want to see in the world, the Mint urges. Pennies and dimes are hard to find in many parts of America after pandemic lockdowns disrupted their flow and kept people from exchanging their jars of coins for dollar bills. The U.S. Mint wants you to know that you can be part of the solution. We ask that the American public start spending their coins, the Mint, which is part of the U.S. Treasury, implored in a statement on Thursday. Or you should deposit them or exchange them for cash, it urged. The coin supply problem can be solved with each of us doing our part, the statement said. The coin shortage has forced regional Federal Reserve Banks, which distribute change, to institute a rationing system. On June 30, the Fed established a coin task force to deal with the unfolding crisis, complete with industry leaders in the coin supply chain. The shortage has become a problem for many small businesses across America, and the topic of fraught discussions on doomsday Reddit and the local news. Even big retailers are feeling the penny pinch Walmart, CVS, Kroger and other chains have begun asking customers to pay with plastic when possible or to use exact change. While digital payments have become prevalent, change has remained crucial to some parts of the economy: Parking meters, vending machines, amusement parks and even campground showers keep coins in regular use. For the unbanked, cash is an essential part of daily life. For millions of Americans, cash is the only form of payment, and cash transactions rely on coins to make change, the Mint said. As important as it is to get more coins circulating, safety is paramount, it added. Please be sure to follow all safety and health guidelines. The quiet planet: A locked-down Earth is making a lot less noise, geologists report. Heavy traffic, football games, rock concerts, fireworks, factories, jackhammers all help make up the pulse of human activity, and in a world forced into lethargy by pandemic, that pulse is measurably quieter. A team of 76 scientists from more than two dozen countries, drawing on readings from earthquake-detection equipment, reported that lockdowns have led to a drop of up to 50 percent in the global din tied to humans. The length and quiescence of this period represents the longest and most coherent global seismic noise reduction in recorded history, the scientists wrote in the journal Science. That quiet, they said, resulted from social distancing, industrial shutdowns and drops in travel and tourism. The decline far exceeded what is typically observed on weekends and holidays. The seismometers used by geologists to listen for underground movement are highly sensitive. Apart from earthquakes and human activity, they can detect waves crashing onto shorelines and the impacts of rocky intruders from outer space. In 2001, when the World Trade Center in New York City collapsed, the vibrations registered in five states. For this study, the team assembled data from 337 seismometers run by citizen scientists and 268 stations run by government, university and corporate geologists. They found that the quieting began in China in late January and spread to Europe and the rest of the world in March and April. By the end of the monitoring period, in May, the vibration levels in Beijing remained lower, suggesting that the pandemic was still restricting activity there, the researchers said. Nearly four months after the pandemics peak in New York, the city is facing such serious delays in returning test results that public health experts are warning that the problems could hinder efforts to reopen the local economy and schools. Despite repeated pledges from Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo and Mayor Bill de Blasio that testing would be both widely accessible and effective, thousands of New Yorkers have had to wait a week or more for results, and at some clinics the median wait time is nine days. One prominent local official has even proposed the drastic step of limiting testing. The delays are caused in part by the outbreaks spike in states like California, Florida and Texas, which has strained laboratories across the country and touched off a renewed national testing crisis. Just weeks after resolving shortages in swabs, researchers across the country are struggling to find the chemicals and plastic pieces they need to carry out tests in the lab leading to long waiting times. But officials have also been unable to adequately expand the capacity of state and city government laboratories in New York to test rapidly at a time when they are asking more New Yorkers to get tested to guard against a second wave. As capacity expanded, New York City authorities began encouraging everyone to get tested, and urged people to get tested repeatedly, setting a target of 50,000 tests per day. In recent weeks, about 20,000 to 35,000 people are tested most weekdays, a demand that has put a strain on local labs. City public health officials said they were growing increasingly alarmed by the delays, pointing out that widespread testing and quick turnaround times were needed to reduce transmission by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients, who are believed to play a major part in the viruss spread. This is becoming a problem, said Dr. Jay Varma, a City Hall adviser who has a critical role in the citys testing and contact-tracing program. Any lag in this process can make it more difficult to have case and contact tracing be effective. New York Citys abrupt lockdown in March came just before the annual onslaught of tourists as the weather begins to warm. Officials were expecting more than 67 million visitors in 2020, about one-fifth of them from outside the country. Now the citys tourism officials have been left wondering how they will ever revive an industry that brought in about $45 billion in annual spending and supported about 300,000 jobs. In the second week of July, the occupancy rate of New York City hotels was just 37 percent, according to STR, a research firm. That is down from more than 90 percent in recent summers. We think its too soon to encourage travel and invite folks to come back in, said Fred Dixon, the chief executive of NYC & Company, the citys tourism marketing agency. He said that for the past four months the city had had no tourism to speak of and that he was not even guessing how many visitors it would tally for the year. Among the few tourists in town this week were Shin Roldan, 31, and her new husband, Keith, 30, who live in Morristown, N.J, within commuting distance. They were having a honeymoon of sorts, a few months after a pandemic wedding in their backyard, Ms. Roldan said. They had already ridden the tram to Roosevelt Island in the East River and planned to go to the observation deck atop the Empire State Building, which had just reopened. We can take a lot of pictures, just the two of us, with nobody else in the pictures, Mr. Roldan said. Thats always a problem in New York. Reporting was contributed by Dan Bilefsky, William J. Broad, José María León Cabrera, Julia Calderone, Emily Cochrane, Michael Cooper, Melissa Eddy, Joseph Goldstein, Abby Goodnough, Maggie Haberman, Annie Karni, Josh Keller, Anatoly Kurmanaev, Patricia Mazzei, Patrick McGeehan, Jesse McKinley, Constant Méheut, Raphael Minder, Elian Peltier, Alan Rappeport, Giovanni Russonello, Nate Schweber, Mitch Smith, Megan Specia, Kaly Soto, Jim Tankersley, María Silvia Trigo, Daniel Victor and Lauren Wolfe.
The National Interest: Random Sampling Suggests COVID-19 Is 6 Times Deadlier Than Flu
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from 1. US Security from Michael_Novakhov (88 sites). Nir Menachemi Public Health, North America From April 25 to May 1, our team randomly selected and tested thousands of Indiana residents, no matter if theyd been sick or not. From this testing we were able to get some of the first truly representative data on coronavirus infection rates at a state level. Since day one of the coronavirus pandemic, the U.S. has not had enough tests. Faced with this shortage, medical professionals used what tests they had on people with the worst symptoms or whose occupations put them at high risk for infection. People who were less sick or asymptomatic did not get tested. Because of this, many infected people in the U.S. have not been tested, and much of the information public health officials have about the spread and deadliness of the virus does not provide a complete picture.  Short of testing every person in the U.S., the best way to get accurate data on who and how many people have been infected with the coronavirus is to test randomly.  I am a professor of health policy and management at Indiana University, and random testing is exactly what we did in my state. From April 25 to May 1, our team randomly selected and tested thousands of Indiana residents, no matter if theyd been sick or not. From this testing we were able to get some of the first truly representative data on coronavirus infection rates at a state level.  We found that 2.8% of the states population had been infected with SARSCoV2. We also found that minority communities especially Hispanic communities have been hit much harder by the virus. With this representative data, we were also able to calculate out just how deadly the virus really is.  The process of random testing  The goal of our study was to learn how many Indiana residents, in total, were currently or had been previously been infected by the coronavirus. To do this, the people our team tested needed to be an accurate representation of Indianas population as a whole and we needed to use two tests on every person.  With the help of the Indiana State Department of Health, numerous state agencies and community leaders, we set up 70 testing stations in cities and towns across Indiana. We then randomly selected people from a list created using state tax records and invited them to get tested, free of charge. Some groups showed up more readily than others and we adjusted the numbers to represent the demographics of the state accordingly.  Once a person showed up to our mobile testing sites, they were given both a PCR swab test that looks for current infections and an antibody blood test that looks for evidence of past infection.  By testing randomly and looking for both current and past infections, we could extrapolate our results to the entire state of Indiana and get information about real infection rates of this virus.  The research team also worked with civic leaders from vulnerable communities to conduct open, nonrandom testing as well to see how the results of these two testing approaches would differ.  How widespread and how deadly  We tested more than 4,600 Indiana residents as part of the first wave of testing in the study. This included more than 3,600 randomly selected people and more than 900 volunteers who participated in open testing.  During the last week in April, we estimate that 1.7% of the population had active viral infections. An additional 1.1% had antibodies, showing evidence of previous infection. In total, we estimate that 2.8% of the population currently were or had previously been infected with the coronavirus with 95% confidence that the actual infection rate is between 2% and 3.7%.  Because our random sample was designed to be representative of the population of the state, we can assume with almost certainty that the entire state numbers are the same. That would mean that approximately 188,000 Indiana residents had been infected by late April. At that point, the official confirmed cases not including deaths  were about 17,000.  Focusing the tests on severe or high-risk people underestimated the true infection rate by a factor of 11.  Having a reliable estimate of the true number of people who have been infected also allowed us to calculate the infection fatality rate the percentage of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 who die. In Indiana, we calculated the rate is 0.58%. For this calculation, we divided the number of COVID-19 deaths in Indiana 1,099 at the time into the total number of people that were determined to have been cumulatively infected at 2.8% of the population 188,000.  Early estimates suggested that 5% to 6% of cases in the U.S. were fatal, which is similar to the 6.3% that you would get by dividing confirmed cases in Indiana 17,000 by the deaths 1,099. The infectionfatality rate of 0.58% is thankfully far lower, but is nearly six times higher than the seasonal flu which has a death rate of 0.1%.  This random testing also allowed us to make accurate estimates about what percent of infected people are asymptomatic. In our study, about 44% of those who tested positive for active viral infection reported no symptoms. While this was already suspected by experts, our estimate is likely the most accurate to date.  Race, job and living situation matter  The general trends and information about the virus are incredibly important, but just as important are the ways in which human actions influenced what people are most affected.  We asked every person we tested about their race, ethnicity and whether they lived with someone who was previously diagnosed with COVID-19.  Our analysis of the random sample suggests that COVID-19 rates are much higher in minority communities, especially in Hispanic communities, where approximately 8% were currently or previously infected. While we do not definitively know why, it is possible that members of the Hispanic community in Indiana are more likely to be essential workers, live in extended family structures that include relatives beyond the nuclear family or both.  We further found that people who lived with a person who was COVID-19 positive were approximately 12 times more likely to have the virus themselves than people living in a home with no infections. Living with extended family and being more exposed due to ones job may make it easier for the virus to spread within some communities.  These findings, along with the relatively low 2.8% prevalence, suggest that social distancing slowed the spread of the virus in the larger population. However, the hardest-hit communities were those who, on average, are not able to practice social distancing as consistently as others.  What next?  Now that we have this information and have established a baseline, we will continue periodically testing a random sample of people in the state. Doing so will tell us how far the virus has infiltrated our population so that policy decisions can be tailored to the situation.  This is the first statewide random sample study in the U.S. and the numbers offer both points of hope and concern.  The good news is that social distancing worked. Efforts to slow the virus contained it to only 2.8% of the population and by slowing the spread of the virus in the community, Indiana bought some time to determine the best way forward. This provides more time for researchers to both determine the degree to which infection results in immunity and to accelerate the development of a vaccine.  But there is bad news as well. If only 2.8% of the population have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, 97.2% of the population have not been infected and could still get the virus. The risk for a large outbreak that could dwarf the initial wave is still very real.  The demographic distribution of infections, while disturbing, offers important information that can help public health officials direct testing, education and contact tracing resources that are language and culturally sensitive. The research team and the state health department are working with leaders from these communities to figure out how to best contain the spread of the virus in the areas most affected.  As businesses slowly reopen, we need to be vigilant with any and all safety precautions so that we do not lose the ground we gained by hunkering down. Hopefully numbers will go down, but regardless of what happens in the future, we now better know the foe we fight.  Nir Menachemi is a Professor of Health Policy and Management at IUPUI.  This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.  Image: Reuters   The National Interest
Germany, seeking independence from U.S., pushes cyber security research
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . BERLIN (Reuters) - Germany announced a new agency on Wednesday to fund research on cyber security and to end its reliance on digital technologies from the United States, China and other countries. Interior Minister Horst Seehofer told reporters that Germany needed new tools to become a top player in cyber security and shore up European security and independence. It is our joint goal for Germany to take a leading role in cyber security on an international level, Seehofer told a news conference with Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen. We have to acknowledge were lagging behind, and when one is lagging, one needs completely new approaches. The agency is a joint interior and defense ministry project. Germany, like many other countries, faces a daily barrage of cyber attacks on its government and industry computer networks. However, the opposition Greens criticized the project. This agency wouldnt increase our information technology security, but further endanger it, said Greens lawmaker Konstantin von Notz. The agencys work on offensive capabilities would undermine Germanys diplomatic efforts to limit the use of cyber weapons internationally, he said. As a state based on the rule of law, we can only lose a cyber politics arms race with states like China, North Korea or Russia, he added, calling for scarce resources to be focused on hardening vulnerable systems. Germany and other European countries also worry about their dependence on U.S. technologies. This follows revelations in 2012 by U.S. NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden of a massive spying network, as well as the U.S. Patriot Act which gave the U.S. government broad powers to compel companies to provide data. As a federal government we cannot stand idly by when the use of sensitive technology with high security relevance are controlled by other governments. We must secure and expand such key technologies of our digital infrastructure, Seehofer said. Reporting by Andrea Shalal, additional reporting by Thomas Escritt; Editing by Angus MacSwan and David Stamp
Germany: New cyber command 'will take action' against cyber attacks - DefMin - YouTube
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Germany: New cyber command 'will take action' against cyber attacks - DefMin
9:10 AM 7/24/2020 - COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research | Coronavirus and cybercrime: Germany assumes EU presidency with strong focus on cybersecurity | America ranked among worst countries to raise a family, study says
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. 9:10 AM 7/24/2020  JULY 24, 2020 COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research by SEIJI YAMADA FacebookTwitterRedditEmail The anthrax attacks of 2001 were carried out via mail. Anthrax was sent via the US Postal Service to members of Congress and media executives together with notes reading Death to America, and Allah is great. Five died. In the weeks following the September 11 attacks, the intent of the perpetrators was to make it appear that the anthrax was being sent by Islamic militants.
Google Alert - sars cov 2 as bioweapon: COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 as the Bio-weapon from Michael_Novakhov (3 sites). The anthrax attacks of 2001 were carried out via mail. Anthrax was sent via the US Postal Service to members of Congress and media executives ...  Google Alert - sars cov 2 as bioweapon
Explained: How corona of the virus changes into a hairpin shape and why
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Comments on: Explained: How corona of the virus changes into a hairpin shape and why. Written by  Kabir Firaque  | New Delhi |  Updated: July 24, 2020 10:45:13 am Structure of SARS-CoV-2, including the spike protein. (Source: Wikipedia) The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 the corona in the coronavirus that causes Covid-19 disease has just revealed new secrets. Researchers have found that the spike protein changes its form after it attaches itself to a human cell, folding in on itself and assuming a rigid hairpin shape. The researchers have published their findings in the journal Science, and believe the knowledge can help in vaccine development. What is the spike protein? It is a protein that protrudes from the surface of a coronavirus, like the spikes of a crown or corona hence the name coronavirus. In the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it is the spike protein that initiates the process of infection in a human cell. It attaches itself to a human enzyme, called the ACE2 receptor, before going on to enter the cell and make multiple copies of itself. What has the new research found? Using the technique of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), Dr Bing Chen and colleagues at Boston Childrens Hospital have freeze-framed the spike protein in both its shapes before and after fusion with the cell.  Cryo-EM images of SARS-CoV-2 before and after fusion with the human cell. Postfusion shape is like a rigid hairpin. (Source: Provided by Dr Bing, Chen, Boston Childrens Hospital) The images show a dramatic change to the hairpin shape after the spike protein binds with the ACE2 receptor. In fact, the researchers found that the after shape can also show itself before fusion without the virus binding to a cell at all. The spike can go into its alternative form prematurely. What does that signify? Dr Chen suggests that assuming the alternative shape may help keep SARS-CoV-2 from breaking down. Studies have shown that the virus remains viable on various surfaces for various periods of time. Chen suggests that the rigid shape may explain this. More significantly, the researchers speculate that the postfusion form may also protect SARS-CoV-2 from our immune system.  Express Explained is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@ieexplained) and stay updated with the latest In what way can it protect the virus from the immune system? The postfusion shape could induce antibodies that do not neutralise the virus. In effect, the spikes in this form may act as decoys that distract the immune system. Antibodies specifically targeting the postfusion state would not be able to block membrane fusion (viral entry) since it would be too late in the process. This is well established in the field of other viruses, such as HIV, Chen told The Indian Express, by email. In principle, if both conformations shared neutralising epitopes (the part of the virus targeted by antibodies), then the postfusion form too could induce neutralising antibodies, Chen said. But because the two structures are often very different, in particular, in case of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, I think it is not very likely that the postfusion form would be useful as an immunogen, he explained. Do the two forms share any similarities? Yes, both the before and after forms have sugar molecules, called glycans, at evenly spaced locations on their surface. Glycans are another feature that helps the virus avoid immune detection. How is the knowledge about the alternative shape useful? The researchers believe the findings have implications for vaccine development. Many vaccines that are currently in development use the spike protein to stimulate the immune system. But these may have varying mixes of the prefusion and postfusion forms, Chen said. And that may limit their protective efficacy. Chen stressed the need for stabilising the spike protein in its prefusion structure in order to block the conformational changes that lead to the postfusion state. If the protein is not stable, antibodies may be induced but they will be less effective in terms of blocking the virus, he said. Using our prefusion structure as a guide, we should be able to do better (introducing stabilizing mutations) to mimic the prefusion state, which could be more effective in eliciting neutralizing antibody responses, Chen told The Indian Express. We are in the process of doing this in case the first round of vaccines are not as effective as we all hope. Want to go beyond the news and understand the headlines? Subscribe to Explained by The Indian Express The Indian Express is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines For all the latest Explained News, download Indian Express App. © The Indian Express (P) Ltd
7:47 AM 7/24/2020 - Saved Stories - Disease X-19
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. 7:47 AM 7/24/2020 Saved Stories - Disease X-19 ________________________________________________________________________ - Saved Stories - Disease X-19  Google Alert - coronavirus origins: Watch Now: Stricter COVID-19 measures remain 'very much on the table' as COVID-19 infects 1 ... " I cannot think of a time in the history of our city where 1% of our population was diagnosed with an infectious disease in a six-month period of time ...  Google Alert - coronavirus origins Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins: Dozens of asymptomatic Orange jail inmates test positive for COVID-19 With the Department of Health's assistance, the Orange County Jail has started a contact tracing process to determine the origins of positive cases within ...  Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins Google Alert - coronavirus symptoms: COVID-19 vs. EEE: Deadly Mosquito Virus Shares Coronavirus Symptoms But it wasn't the COVID-19 crisis of 2020. It was an outbreak of EEE infections in 2019. EEE (Eastern equine encephalitis) refers to a brain inflammation ...  Google Alert - coronavirus symptoms Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins: WHO chief denounces 'unacceptable' comments questioning his independence CONCORD All hospitals in the state will permit non-COVID 19 patients to designate someone who can regularly visit, state officials announced ...  Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins
6:59 AM 7/24/2020 - "3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers" - Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. @AnimalChannel14 Your dog has many ways of communicating with you - here are 50 things they do and what it means. Here's What Dogs Are Saying When They Lean On You animalchannel.co 6:59 AM 7/24/2020 The researchers say that pets are unlikely to be an important route of viral spread, but when animals are present at high density, as on mink breeding farms, the virus may spread from animals to humans more readily... This is the largest study to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals to date. We found that companion animals living in areas of high human infection can become infected... The evidence supports the ability of dogs and cats to seroconvert when living as pets in a COVID-19 positive household and in regions with high burden of human disease...  reverse transmission is probable, with 3-4% of a large number of domestic pets showing antibodies to the infection, though no virus was recovered from any animal... https://www.https://www. No animals tested PCR positive. However, 3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346v1  Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy SARS-CoV-2 originated in animals and is now easily transmitted between people. Sporadic detection of natural cases in animals alongside successful experimental infections of pets, such as cats,... biorxiv.org       Michael Novakhov Retweeted
Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy | bioRxiv
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy View ORCID ProfileE.I. Patterson, G. Elia, A. Grassi, A. Giordano, C. Desario, M. Medardo, S.L. Smith, E.R. Anderson, T. Prince, G.T. Patterson, E. Lorusso, M.S. Lucente, G. Lanave, S. Lauzi, U. Bonfanti, A. Stranieri, V. Martella, F. Solari Basano, V.R. Barrs, A.D. Radford, U. Agrimi, View ORCID ProfileG. L. Hughes, S. Paltrinieri, View ORCID ProfileN. Decaro doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346</a> This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [what does this mean?]. Abstract Full Text Info/History Metrics Preview PDF Abstract SARS-CoV-2 originated in animals and is now easily transmitted between people. Sporadic detection of natural cases in animals alongside successful experimental infections of pets, such as cats, ferrets and dogs, raises questions about the susceptibility of animals under natural conditions of pet ownership. Here we report a large-scale study to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection in over 500 companion animals living in northern Italy, sampled at a time of frequent human infection. No animals tested PCR positive. However, 3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers, with dogs from COVID-19 positive households being significantly more likely to test positive than those from COVID-19 negative households. Understanding risk factors associated with this and their potential to infect other species requires urgent investigation. One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets from Italy.
Pets Show Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Study
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The Medical News. The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is thought to have originated in animals. This jumped species barriers to infect humans and is now showing rapid and easy transmission between them. A new study* shows that reverse transmission is probable, with 3-4% of a large number of domestic pets showing antibodies to the infection, though no virus was recovered from any animal. Almost from the beginning, there have been reports that the virus can infect pet cats and dogs, with some animals showing symptoms of infection. Though these fears were initially decried, sporadic cases continue to be reported. In these pets, the respiratory or fecal specimens, or both, have tested positive for the virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain testing (RT-PCR). Specific antibodies against the virus have also been detected in pet sera. Targeted experiments also show that dogs are not easily infected and mostly develop an asymptomatic infection, with low viral titers being shed. On the other hand, cats show respiratory infection and shed high titers of the virus, and spread it to other animals as well. The study: testing pets for SARS-CoV-2 The current study aimed at a more wide-scale testing of animal infection in their natural farm or home conditions. The researchers carried out a comprehensive survey of dogs and cats in Italy, from March to May 2020, in families with cases of COVID-19 or families living in severely affected areas. Their own vets tested all the animals in the study during routine visits, including over 900 dogs and over 500 cats. The samples were from nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or other severely affected areas in humans, or from other convenient sites. This yielded approximately 300 and 180 oropharyngeal swabs, 180 and 80 nasal samples, and 55 and 30 rectal swabs from dogs and cats, respectively. Altogether, there were 1420 swabs, including around 40 dogs and cats each that were symptomatic at the time of sampling, and about 60 dogs and cats each from families that had one or more positive cases. However, all were negative on PCR, including those living in households with confirmed cases of COVID-19 and those with and without respiratory symptoms. This suggests the animals were not actively infected at that time. Serologic testing Serum samples from around 190 and 60 dogs and cats were available along with the full history and location, and 200 and 90 cats approximately, lacking history but with known locations. The virus was tested for by RT-PCR targeting the viral nucleoprotein and envelope protein antigens. Plaque neutralization assays for neutralizing antibodies were also carried out to find the highest dilution at which the plaque number was reduced by 80%. This revealed the presence of specific neutralizing antibodies in 13 dogs and 6 cats, amounting to about 3% and 4% each. The titers detected ranged from 1:20 to 1:160 and from 1:40 to 1:1280 in dogs and cats, respectively. None of these animals were symptomatic at the time of testing. COVID-19-positive household distribution The break up among the dogs was as follows: 6/47 dogs and 1/22 cats from COVID-19 positive households, 1/7 dogs from households suspected to be positive, and 2/133 dogs, and 1/38 cats, from households negative for COVID-19. This means that in households confirmed or suspected to have at least one case, 13% to 14% of dogs were antibody positive, as compared to 5% of cats in only confirmed positive households. In negative households, this dropped to approximately 2% of animals, whether dogs or cats. Age- and sex-stratified distribution When stratified by age, they found that of 423 animals of known age, none were infected among the animals below one year. About 7%, 3% and 3% of animals aged 1-3 years, 4-7 years and 8 years or more were positive. Some important associations were made. When there were 10 or more samples available, the human case count was strongly and positively correlated with the positive tests in dogs, and also with cats, but to a smaller and less significant extent. Community sampling in humans yielded a comparable seropositivity percentage at a similar period in Europe. The evidence supports the ability of dogs and cats to seroconvert when living as pets in a COVID-19 positive household and in regions with high burden of human disease. The greater tendency of dogs to develop neutralizing antibodies may reflect the greater susceptibility of dogs to the infection. More male than female dogs were infected, which may be due to the physiological differences in the sexes. This is different from humans, where infection rates are similar in both even though the disease severity is greater in males. Implications and importance The researchers point out, This is the largest study to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals to date. We found that companion animals living in areas of high human infection can become infected. As often seen in humans, none of the animals below one year of age developed infection as assessed by PCR. This agrees with earlier research findings, and also indicates that older animals should be used in experimental studies, since otherwise the true susceptibility of the animal model may not be detected. All animals tested positive by PCR, despite the significant percentage of seroconversion. This may mean that viral shedding is very short-lived in pet animals. This has been observed in studies showing that shedding in cats ceases by 10 days following experimental infection, and neutralizing antibodies are detected by 13 days. In dogs, fecal samples showed the presence of the virus at up to 6 days post infection, but oropharyngeal swabs were negative. The study notes that a natural infection in a Pomeranian, among the earliest reported, was associated with positive viral RNA in nasal swabs for 13 days, albeit at low levels, but not in fecal or rectal specimens. This may indicate variation in shedding pattern between animals. Moreover, in another experimental animal study, half the dogs who were infected had demonstrable antibodies by 14 days. This indicates the difficulty in SARS-CoV-2 detection whether in humans or animals. In the current study, the period that elapsed from infection to seroconversion is unknown. Even if the time of sampling was known, there could well have been delays in sampling due to the difficulty of visiting the vet during the period of lockdown. Therefore, the researchers advise that pets also be sampled to understand the true incidence of infection and viral shedding in the household and the community. The researchers say that pets are unlikely to be an important route of viral spread, but when animals are present at high density, as on mink breeding farms, the virus may spread from animals to humans more readily. Once the human-to-human spread is terminated, contact tracing will become more important. At that point, serologic surveys of pets may help provide a broad picture of the changing disease conditions within the community and an early warning of any transmission route left open. *Important Notice bioRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information. Journal reference: Patterson, E. I. et al. (2020). Evidence of Exposure To SARS-Cov-2 In Cats and Dogs from Households in Italy. bioRxiv preprint. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346. <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346v1" rel="nofollow">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214346v1</a>
Google Alert - Sars Cov-2 and Animals: Pets Show Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Study
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites). The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is thought to have originated in animals. This jumped species ...  Google Alert - Sars Cov-2 and Animals
Google Alert - new york times on coronavirus: Millions of Americans Are About to Lose Their Homes. Congress Must Help Them.
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 Publications from Michael_Novakhov (5 sites). By failing to contain the coronavirus, the United States is allowing what began ... the housing crisis that peaked in 2008, perhaps because this time the problems ... In 2017, New York City began a new program to provide lawyers to ...  Google Alert - new york times on coronavirus
Google Alert - Coronavirus: various strains and illness severity: Understanding the hows, whys and effects of the coronavirus pandemic: Watch video
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites). 4 of these viruses cause colds that result in mild, highly contagious infections ... These three types can cause SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), ... However, since the Covid-19 virus is larger than most RNA virus and has a ...  Google Alert - Coronavirus: various strains and illness severity
Google Alert - Coronavirus in health care workers: A pandemic ethical conundrum: Must health care workers risk their lives to treat Covid-19 patients?
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites). The sweep of Covid-19 across the globe has raised a fundamental question about medical ethics: Do physicians, nurses, EMTs, and other health care ...  Google Alert - Coronavirus in health care workers
Voice of America - English: Turkey Appoints Hagia Sophia Mosque Imams
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from 1. Russia from Michael_Novakhov (115 sites). Three imams were named Thursday to lead prayers at Turkeys Hagia Sophia mosque, a day before the countrys president joins hundreds of worshippers inside the national landmark that was recently designated a mosque.  Ali Erbas, head of Turkeys religious authority, announced the appointments of Mehmet Boynukalin, a professor of Islamic Law at Istanbuls Marmara University; Ferruh Mustuer and Bunjamin Topcuoglu, imams at two other Istanbul mosques. Erbas also named five muezzins, officials who make the Muslim call to prayer.  In a July 10 decree that stirred international opposition, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared the nearly 1,500-year-old structure a mosque after a top Turkish court ruled the buildings earlier conversion into a museum was illegal.  The sixth century UNESCO-listed site was initially an Orthodox Christian cathedral that became a mosque following the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul in 1453. It was made into a museum in 1934 by modern Turkeys founding statesmen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.  Following Erdogans decree this month, Pope Francis said he was very pained, and the World Council of Churches expressed grief and dismay. Greeces culture ministry described the decision as an open provocation to the civilized world, and the U.S. State Department was disappointed.  Though mosaics depicting Christian figures in the Hagia Sophia will be covered during Muslim prayers, Erdogan said the mosque would be open to all, locals and foreigners, Muslims and non-Muslims.  As many as 17,000 security personnel will be on duty for the mosques first prayers on Friday.  Voice of America - English
FOX News: Confirmed coronavirus cases in the US top 4 million
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from 1. World from Michael_Novakhov (27 sites). The number of confirmed coronavirus cases in the United States exceeded 4 million on Thursday.  FOX News
4:09 PM 7/23/2020 - Integrating Genomics into Public Health Surveillance: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Public Health | | Blogs | CDC
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. Integrating Genomics into Public Health Surveillance: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Public Health | | Blogs | CDC https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2017/07/19/integrating-genomics/  via @CDCgov
Genomics and epidemiological surveillance | Nature Reviews Microbiology
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . This months Genome Watch highlights how genomic surveillance can provide important information for identifying and tracking emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Download PDF The timely detection and surveillance of infectious diseases and responses to pandemics are crucial but challenging. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a common tool for pathogen identification and tracking, establishing transmission routes and outbreak control. At the turn of 2019/20, Wu et al1 used metagenomic RNA sequencing to identify the aetiology of an at this point unknown respiratory disease in a single patient in Wuhan, China, where several cases of severe respiratory infections have been reported. The authors identified the potential causative pathogen as a new coronavirus by reconstructing the viral genome from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample of the patient. In early January 2020, the viral genome sequence was released, which facilitated the development of rapid molecular diagnostics assays worldwide. Subsequently, the virus (now known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic) rapidly spread globally, and there has been an immediate effort to study viral transmission and evolution using WGS. For example, SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing for Public Health Emergency Response, Epidemiology and Surveillance (SPHERES) in the United States and the COVID-19 Genomics UK2 (COG-UK) in the United Kingdom. Credit: Philip Patenall/Springer Nature Limited The latter consortium was launched in March 2020 as a nationwide genomic surveillance network that aims to track viral transmission, identify viral mutations and integrate viral data with health data2. By June 2020, the consortium sequenced >20,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and defined transmission lineages based on phylogeny. Open data sharing and standardized lineage definitions (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID)) were established to enable global efforts in detecting emerging lineages and mutations that are relevant for outbreak control and vaccine development on an international level3. By the end of June 2020, >57,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from around 100 different countries have been deposited in the GISAID database. To overcome the challenge in data analysis and interpretation, user-friendly web-based applications were designed for linage assignment (Pangolin COVID-19 Lineage Assigner) and to interactively visualize the circulating lineages on national and international scales (for example, Microreact and Nextstrain). The international effort towards open data sharing is of major scientific benefit, enabling monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in nearly real time and on a global level. Korber et al.4 developed a bioinformatics pipeline to track changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, which mediates host cell entry and is a key vaccine target. The pipeline monitors changes in the amino acid sequence of spike over time to identify variants that are concomitantly increasing in frequency in different geographic locations. The analysis, which was enabled by data from GISAID, suggested that a SARS-CoV-2 variant carrying a particular spike mutation (D614G) became globally dominant over a period of one month. Comparison of different regions revealed consistent patterns of the D614 variant replacing a previously established G614 variant, which might be indicative of potential positive selection. The viral genome data were linked with patient clinical information, which showed that the G614 variant might be associated with potentially higher viral loads but not with disease severity. Updated data and current global counts of the spike 614 variants are available in the COVID-19 Viral Genome Analysis Pipeline. Genomic surveillance can generate a rich source of information for tracking pathogen transmission and evolution on both national and international levels. More importantly, the recent application of genomics in surveillance of COVID-19 highlighted its usefulness in the nearly real-time response to a public health crisis.
2:05 PM 7/23/2020 - News - covid-19 origins: "Inside the Global Quest to Trace..."
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. News - covid-19 origins - GS - 2:05 PM 7/23/2020 Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - Latest Post Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks  Where Did Coronavirus Originate? Inside the Hunt to Find Out | Time Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Inside the Global Quest to Trace the Origins of COVID-19and Predict Where It Will Go Next Artwork by Brea Souders for TIME; Getty Images (8); Shutterstock (18) By Charlie Campbell/ Yuxi, Yunnan and Alice Park July 23, 2020 6:15 AM EDT It wasnt greed, or curiosity, that made Li Rusheng grab his shotgun and enter Shitou Cave. It was about survival. During Mao-era collectivization of the early 1970s, food was so scarce in the emerald valleys of southwestern Chinas Yunnan province that farmers like Li could expect to eat meat only once a yearif they were lucky. So, craving protein, Li and his friends would sneak into the cave to hunt the creatures they could hear squeaking and fluttering inside: bats. Li would creep into the gloom and fire blindly at the vaulted ceiling, picking up any quarry that fell to the ground, while his companions held nets over the mouth of the cave to snare fleeing bats. They cooked them in the traditional manner of Yunnans ethnic Yi people: boiled to remove hair and skin, gutted and fried. Theyd be small ones, fat ones, says Li, now 81, sitting on a wall overlooking fields of tobacco seedlings. The meat is very tender. But Ive not been in that cave for over 30 years now, he adds, shaking his head wistfully. They were very hard times.
2:05 PM 7/23/2020 - News - covid-19 origins: "Inside the Global Quest to Trace..."
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. News - covid-19 origins - GS - 2:05 PM 7/23/2020 Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - Latest Post Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks  Where Did Coronavirus Originate? Inside the Hunt to Find Out | Time Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Inside the Global Quest to Trace the Origins of COVID-19and Predict Where It Will Go Next Artwork by Brea Souders for TIME;
Where Did Coronavirus Originate? Inside the Hunt to Find Out | Time
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Inside the Global Quest to Trace the Origins of COVID-19and Predict Where It Will Go Next Artwork by Brea Souders for TIME; Getty Images (8); Shutterstock (18) By Charlie Campbell/ Yuxi, Yunnan and Alice Park July 23, 2020 6:15 AM EDT It wasnt greed, or curiosity, that made Li Rusheng grab his shotgun and enter Shitou Cave. It was about survival. During Mao-era collectivization of the early 1970s, food was so scarce in the emerald valleys of southwestern Chinas Yunnan province that farmers like Li could expect to eat meat only once a yearif they were lucky. So, craving protein, Li and his friends would sneak into the cave to hunt the creatures they could hear squeaking and fluttering inside: bats. Li would creep into the gloom and fire blindly at the vaulted ceiling, picking up any quarry that fell to the ground, while his companions held nets over the mouth of the cave to snare fleeing bats. They cooked them in the traditional manner of Yunnans ethnic Yi people: boiled to remove hair and skin, gutted and fried. Theyd be small ones, fat ones, says Li, now 81, sitting on a wall overlooking fields of tobacco seedlings. The meat is very tender. But Ive not been in that cave for over 30 years now, he adds, shaking his head wistfully. They were very hard times. China today bears little resemblance to the impoverished nation of Lis youth. Since Deng Xiaoping embraced market reforms in 1979, the Middle Kingdom has gone from strength to strength. Today it is the worlds No. 2 economy and top trading nation. It has more billionaires than the U.S. and more high-speed rail than the rest of the world combined. Under current strongman President Xi Jinping, China has embarked on a campaign to regain center place in the world. Farmers like Li no longer have to hunt bats to survive. That doesnt mean Shitou Cave has faded in significance. Today, though, its musty depths speak not to local sustenance but global peril. Shitou was where Shi Zhengli, lead scientist at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), working with samples of bat feces in 2011 and 2012, isolated a novel virus that was very similar to SARS, which had been responsible for a pandemic a decade earlier. Shiknown as Chinas bat woman for her tireless research on the winged mammalwarned that other bat-borne diseases could easily spill over into human populations again. Seven years later, her fears appear vindicated. In a February paper, Shi revealed the discovery of what she called the closest relative of what would become known as SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It also originated in Shitou Cave. Dubbed RaTG13, Shis virus has a 96.2% similarity with the virus that has claimed some 600,000 lives across the world, including more than 140,000 in the U.S. Shis discovery indicates COVID-19 likely originated in batsas do rabies, Ebola, SARS, MERS, Nipah and many other deadly viruses. AdChoices ADVERTISING Ads by Teads But how did this virus travel from a bat colony to the city of Wuhan, where the coronavirus outbreak was first documented? And from there, how did it silently creep along motorways and flight routes to kill nurses in Italy, farmers in Brazil, retirees in Seattle? How this virus entered the human population to wreak such a devastating toll is the foremost issue of global scientific concern today. The search for patient zeroor the index case, the first human COVID-19 infectionmatters. Not because any fault or blame lies with this individual, but because discovering how the pathogen entered the human population, and tracing how it flourished, will help the science and public-health communities better understand the pandemic and how to prevent similar or worse ones in the future. On top of the millions of lives that hang in the balance, Cambridge University puts at $82 trillion across five years the cost to the global economy of the current pandemic. The human race can ill afford another. The provenance of COVID-19 is not only a scientific question. The Trump Administration also regards it as a political cudgel against Beijing. As the U.S. has failed to control outbreaks of the coronavirus and its economy founders, President Donald Trump has deflected blame onto China. Trump and senior Administration figures have dubbed COVID-19 the China virus and Wuhan virus. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said there was enormous evidence the virus had escaped from Shis lab in the city. (He has yet to share any hard evidence.) This is the worst attack weve ever had on our country. This is worse than Pearl Harbor. This is worse than the World Trade Center, Trump said in May of the pandemic, pointing the finger at China. In response, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi accused the U.S. President of trying to foment a new cold war through lies and conspiracy theories. The origin of the virus is clearly a touchy subject. Nevertheless, the world desperately needs it broached. Australia and the E.U. have joined Washingtons calls for a thorough investigation into the cause of the outbreak. On May 18, Xi responded to pressure to express support for global research by scientists on the source and transmission routes of the virus overseen by the World Health Organization. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner But Trump has already accused the WHO of being Chinacentric and vowed to stop funding it. His attacks may have some basis in fact. The organization refused self-governing Taiwan observer status under pressure from Beijing. And privately, WHO officials were frustrated by the slow release of information from the Chinese authorities even as they publicly praised their transparency, according to transcripts obtained by the Associated Press. Partisan bickering and nationalism threaten to eclipse the invaluable scientific work required to find the true source of the virus. Time is of the essence; a SARS vaccine was within touching distance when research that could have proved invaluable today was discontinued as the crisis abated. Once this pandemic settles down, were going to have a small window of opportunity to put in place infrastructure to prevent it from ever happening again, says Dr. Maureen Miller, a Columbia University epidemiologist. The search for the viruss origins must begin behind the squat blue-shuttered stalls at Wuhans Huanan seafood market, where the outbreak of viral pneumonia we now know as COVID-19 was first discovered in mid-December. One of the first cases was a trader named Wei Guixian, 57, who worked in the market every day, selling shrimp out of huge buckets. In mid-December she developed a fever she thought was a seasonal flu, she told state-run Shanghai-based the Paper. A week later, she was drifting in and out of consciousness in a hospital ward. Of the first 41 patients hospitalized in Wuhan, 13 had no connection to the marketplace, including the very first recorded case. That doesnt necessarily excuse the market as the initial point of zoonotic jump, thoughwe dont know yet for certain how many COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic, but research suggests it could be as high as 80%. And, even if Huanan market wasnt where the virus first infected humans, it certainly played a huge role as an incubator of transmission. At a Jan. 26 press conference, the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection revealed 33 of 585 environmental samples taken after the market was shut Jan. 1 tested positive for the virus. Of these, 31 were taken in the western section where wildlife was sold. In May, China acceded to demands for an independent inquiry after more than 100 countries supported a resolution drafted by the E.U. Still, President Xi insists it must be comprehensivelooking not just at China but also at how other nations responded to the WHOs warningsand cannot begin until after the pandemic has subsided. The principles of objectivity and fairness need to be upheld, Xi told the World Health Assembly. (Notably, inquiries into the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic and 2014 West African Ebola outbreak began before the crises had abated.) According to past investigations protocols, teams are composed of independent public-health experts and former WHO staff appointed by the WHO based on member states recommendations. At a practical level, however, any probe within China relies on cooperation from Beijing, and its uncertain whether the U.S. will accept the findings of a body Trump has slammed for severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner Peter Ben Embarek, a food-safety and animal-disease expert at the WHO, says an investigation must concentrate on interviews with all the initial cases, trying to find clues about potential earlier infections among their relatives, their contacts, and where they had been over the days and weeks before they got sick. Also, which hunters and farmers supplied what species of animals. With a bit of luck and good epidemiological work, it can be done, he says. Artwork by Brea Souders for TIME; Shutterstock (3) There are many who look at where COVID-19 emerged and see something that cant be just a co-incidence. In 2017, China minted its first biosecurity-level 4 (bsl-4) laboratorythe highest level cleared to even work with airborne pathogens that have no known vaccinesin Wuhan. Ever since, the countrys foremost expert on bat viruses has been toiling away inside the boxy gray buildings of the WIV. Indeed, when Shi first heard about the outbreak, she herself thought, Could they have come from our lab? she recently told Scientific American. An inventory of virus samples reassured her that it hadnt, she added, yet that hasnt stopped some from maintaining their suspicions. Mistakes do happen. The last known case of small-pox leaked from a U.K. laboratory in 1978. SARS has leaked from Chinese laboratories on at least two occasions, while U.S. scientists have been responsible for mishandlings of various pathogens, including Ebola. There are only around 70 bsl-4 laboratories in 30 countries. Suspicions regarding the nature of research under way inside the Wuhan laboratory persist. According to one leading virologist, who asked to remain anonymous for fear of jeopardizing funding and professional relationships, Were you to ask me wheres the most likely place in the world for a naturally occurring bat coronavirus to escape from a laboratory, Wuhan would be in the top 10. Still, neither the WHO nor the Five Eyes intelligence networkcomprising the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia and New Zealandhas found evidence that COVID-19 originated from Shis lab. Canberra has even distanced itself from a U.S.-authored dossier that sought to convince the Australian public that the Five Eyes network had intelligence of a Chinese cover-up. (It appeared to rely exclusively on open-source material.) Meanwhile, scientific peers have rallied to defend Shi from suspicion. She is everything a senior scientist should be, says Miller, who has collaborated with Shi on various studies. The Wuhan Institute of Virology did not respond to requests for comment. Available evidence suggests COVID-19 leaped from wild animal to human. Tracing exactly how is crucial. It enables governments to install safeguards regarding animal husbandry and butchery to prevent any repeat. SARS, for example, originated in bats and then infected a palm civet, a catlike mammal native to South and Southeast Asia. The animal was then sold at a wet marketwhere fresh meat, fish and sometimes live animals are soldin Guangdong, from which it jumped to humans. In the wake of that outbreak, which claimed at least 774 lives worldwide, palm civets were banned from sale or consumption in China. Bats may have been the initial reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, but its likely that there was an intermediary before it got to humans, and thats where the possibilities grow. Bats share Shitou Cave with starlings, for one, and at least one large white owl nests in its upper reaches. Herds of black and white goats graze the dusty shrub all around the cave opening, while the Yi ethnic group traditionally rear and eat dogs. Bat guano is also traditionally prized as a fertilizer on crops. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner See More » Just a few miles from Shitou, customers at Baofeng Horse Meat restaurant squat by round tables, slurping green tea poured from enormous brass teapots, while charcoal burners cook up the eponymous cuts alongside dogmeat and other specialties. All the animals we sell are reared nearby, says proprietor Wang Tao. Cultural practices and disease-transmission vectors are often entwined. MERS continues to jump between camels and their human handlers on the Arabian Peninsula. Chinas penchant for eating rare and unusual wildlife for obscure health benefits may have contributed to the current pandemic. While many aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are entirely benign, involving little more than massage, pressure points and bitter herbs, there is a fetishization of exotic animals, and theres some evidence that TCM might have played a role in launching the pandemic. The receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2s spike proteinwhich the virus uses to bind to hostsis unusually adept at attaching to human cells. New viruses discovered in Malaysian pangolins have since been shown to have exactly the same receptor binders. Some features in [SARS-CoV-2] that initially may have looked unusual, youre now finding in nature, says Edward Holmes, an evolutionary biologist and virologist at the University of Sydney. That COVID-19 originated in bats and then jumped to humans via a pangolin intermediary is now the most likely hypothesis, according to multiple studies (although some virologists disagree). Up to 2.7 million of the scaly mammals have been plucked from the wild across Asia and Africa for consumption mostly in China, where many people believe their scales can treat everything from rheumatoid arthritis to inflammation. Their meat is also highly prized for its supposed health benefits. On Feb. 24, China announced a permanent ban on wildlife consumption and trade, scratching out an industry that employs 14 million people and is worth $74 billion, according to a 2017 report commissioned by the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Its again extremely sensitive. President Xi is an ardent supporter of TCM and has promoted its use globally. The total value of Chinas TCM industry was expected to reach $420 billion by the end of this year, according to a 2016 white paper by Chinas State Council. And rather than raising the possibility that misuse of TCM sparked the outbreak, Chinese state media has laudedwithout evidencethe critical role TCM has played in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In an apparent attempt to head off criticism related to the pandemic, draft legislation was published in late May to ban any individual or organization from defaming or making false or exaggerated claims about TCM. Cracking down on the illicit animal trade would go a long way toward preventing future outbreaks. But as demand for meat grows across increasingly affluent Asia, Africa and Latin America, the potential for viruses to spill over into human populations will only increase. It probably wasnt blind luck that Li and his friends didnt get sick from their hunting expeditions in Shitou Cave. Research by Columbias Miller with WIVs Shi, published in 2017, found that local people were naturally resistant to SARS-like viruses. Examining their lifestyle habits and antibodies can help deduce both mitigating factors and possible therapies, while pinpointing which viruses are particularly prone to infecting humans, potentially allowing scientists to design vaccines in advance. They are the canaries in the coal mine, says Miller. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner See More » The cloud of uncertainty surrounding the viruss origins may never lift. Identifying an individual patient zero where the virus made the jump from animal to human may be rendered impossible by its remarkable ability to spread while asymptomatic. But just as important is uncovering the broader map of how the virus spread and changed genetically as it did so. In theory, that sort of genetic surveillance could foster the development of broad-spectrum vaccines and antivirals that may prove effective against future novel outbreaks. Studying the anatomy of viruses that readily jump between species may even help predict where the next pandemic is coming from, and prepare us for the inevitable next time. So did those of his 40-member team of infectious-disease emergency responders at Providence Regional Medical Center in Everett, Wash. The first time, the alert was part of a routine monthly test. This time, it was the real thing. The page signaled the first confirmed U.S. case of COVID-19. The patient was a Washington State resident who had recently returned from visiting family in Wuhan, where the disease was spreading rapidly. Aware of his higher risk, and concerned when he developed a fever, the 35-year-old (who wishes to remain anonymous) visited an urgent-care center where he told health care providers about his travel history. They notified the state health department, which in turn helped the care center send a sample for testing to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlantaat the time, the only labs running COVID-19 tests. When the test was positive, CDC scientists recommended the patient be hospitalized for observation. And Diazs team was paged. A trained ambulance team arrived at the mans home, moved him into a specially designed mobile isolation unit, and drove 20 minutes to Providence Regional. There, the patient couldnt see who greeted him; everyone assigned to his care was garbed in layers of personal protective equipment. Once in his room, he spoke to medical staff only through a tele-health robot equipped with a screen that displayed their faces, transmitted from just outside the room. A nurse carefully swabbed the back of his nose and pharynx for a sample of the virus that had brought him to the hospital. Not only was he the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the U.S., he was also the first in the country to have his virus genetically sequenced. As the index patient in the U.S., his sequence, named WA1 (Washington 1), served as the seed from which experts would ultimately trace the genetic tree describing SARS-CoV-2s path from person to person across communities, countries and the globe, as it mutated and either died out or moved on with renewed vigor to infect more people. Genetic sequencing is a powerful tool to combat viruses fondness for mutating. Viruses are exploitative and unscrupulous; they dont even bother investing in any of their own machinery to reproduce. Instead, they rely on host cells to do thatbut it comes at a price. This copying process is sloppy, and often leads to mistakes, or mutations. But viruses can sometimes take advantage of even that; some mutations can by chance make the virus more effective at spreading undetected from host to host. SARS-CoV-2 seems to have landed on at least one such suite of genetic changes, since those infected can spread the virus even if they dont have any symptoms. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner See More » Figuring out how to map those changes is a fairly new science. Following the 2014 West African outbreak of Ebola, scientists mapped the genomes of about 1,600 virus samples, collected from the start of the outbreak and representing about 5% of total cases. The work offered insights into how Ebola moved between locations and mutated. But it wasnt published until 2017, because the majority of the sequencing and sharing of that data was done after the diseases peak, says Trevor Bedford, associate professor at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and co-founder of <a href="http://Nextstrain.org" rel="nofollow">Nextstrain.org</a>, an open-source database of SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequences. With COVID-19, everything is happening much more quickly, he says, which makes the information more immediately useful. Since the first SARS-CoV-2 genome was published and made publicly available online in January, scientists have mapped the genomes of over 70,000 (and counting) samples of the virus, from patients in China, the U.S., the E.U., Brazil and South Africa, among others. They deposited those sequences into the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), a publicly available genetic database created in 2008 initially to store and share influenza genomes. During the coronavirus pandemic, it has quickly pivoted to become a clearinghouse for tracking the genetics of SARS-CoV-2, enabling scientists to map the viruss march across continents and detail its multipronged attack on the world. We have genomes from researchers and public-health labs from all over the world on six continents, says Joel Wertheim, associate professor of medicine at University of California, San Diego. It provides us with unique insight and confidence that other types of epidemiological data just cannot supply. Relying on the GISAID sequences, Nextstrain has become a virtual watering hole for scientistsand increasingly public-health officialswho want to view trends and patterns in the viruss genetic changes that can help inform decisions about how to manage infections. If genetic sequencing is the new language for managing infectious-disease outbreaks, then the mutations that viruses generate are its alphabet. If paired with information on how infected patients fare in terms of their symptoms and the severity of their illness, genomic surveillance could reveal useful clues about which strains of virus are linked to more severe disease. It might shed light on the mystery of why certain victims of the virus are spared lengthy hospital stays and life-threatening illness. As nations start to reopen, and before a vaccine is widely available, such genetic intel could help health care providers to better plan for when and where they will need intensive-care facilities to treat new cases in their community. Genetic information is also critical to developing the most effective drugs and vaccines. Knowing the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 enabled Moderna Thera-peutics to produce a shot ready for human testing in record time: just two months from when the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was first posted. Even after a vaccine is approved and distributed, continuing to track genetic changes in SARS-CoV-2 to ensure its not mutating to resist vaccine-induced immunity will be critical. The data collected by Nextstrain will be crucial to help vaccine researchers tackle mutations, potentially for years to come. Already, the group advises the WHO on the best genetic targets for the annual flu shot, and it plans to do the same for COVID-19. We can track the areas of the virus targeted by the vaccine, and check the mutations, says Emma Hodcroft from the University of Basel, who co-developed Nextstrain. We can predict how disruptive those mutations are to the vaccine or not and tell whether the vaccines need an update. Meanwhile, genetic surveillance provides real-time data on where the virus is going and how its changing. This is the first time during an outbreak that lots of different researchers and institutes are sharing sequencing data, says Barbara Bartolini, a virologist at the Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases in Rome, who has sequenced dozens of viral samples from patients in Italy. That information is giving public-health experts more precise information on the whereabouts of its viral enemy that no traditional disease-tracking method can supply. After Diazs patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, Washington State public-health officials diligently traced the places the patient had been and the people hed come in contact with. He had taken a ride-share from the airport, gone to work and enjoyed lunch at a seafood restaurant near his office with colleagues. But because so little was known about the virus at the time, these contact tracers were focusing mostly on people with symptoms of illnessand at the time, none of the patients contacts reported them. The genetics, however, told a different story. Seattle happened to have launched a program in 2018 to track flu cases by collecting samples from patients in hospitals and doctors offices, sites on college campuses, homeless shelters, the citys major international airport and even from volunteers with symptoms who agreed to swab their nasal passages at home. Those that were positive for influenza and other respiratory illnesses had their samples genetically sequenced to trace the diseases spread in the community. As COVID-19 began to emerge in the Seattle area at the end of February, Bedford and his colleagues began testing samples collected in this program for SARS-CoV-2, regardless of whether people reported symptoms or travel to China, then the worlds hot spot for the virus. Thats how they found WA2, the first case in Washington that wasnt travel-related. By comparing samples from WA1, WA2 and other COVID-19 cases, they figured out that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating widely in the community in February. If that community-based sequencing work had been conducted earlier, theres a good chance it might have picked up cases of COVID-19 that traditional disease-tracking methods, which at the time focused only on travel history and symptoms, missed. That would have helped officials make decisions about a lockdown sooner, and might have helped to limit spread of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 moves quickly but mutates relatively slowly, for a virusgenerating only about two mutations every month in its genome. For drug and vaccine developers, it means the virus can still evade new treatments designed to hobble it. Those same changes serve as passport stamps for its global trek through the worlds population, laying out the itinerary of the viruss journey for geneticists like Bedford. The cases in the initial Seattle cluster, he says, appear to have all been connected, through a single introduction directly from China to the U.S. in mid- to late January. Until the end of February, most instances of SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S. piggybacked on unwitting travelers from China. But as the pandemic continued, that changed. Genetic analysis confirmed that on Feb. 26, SARS-CoV-2 had already hit a new milestone, with the first documented case that it had successfully jumped to a new host in Santa Clara, Calif., one with no travel history to the infectious-disease hot spots in China or known contact with anyone who had traveled there. Its not clear how this person got infected, but genetic sequencing showed this patient passed on the virus to two health care workers while being treated in the hospitaland that the virus was already spreading in the community, without help from imported cases. Bedfords team began to see mutations in samples from Seattle that matched samples from people in Europe and the U.S.s East Coast. At the beginning we could kind of draw a direct line from viruses circulating in China to viruses circulating in the Seattle area, says Bedford. Later, we see that viruses collected from China have some mutations that were seen later in Europe, and those same mutations were seen in viruses in New York. So, we can draw another line from China to Europe to New York and then on to Seattle. The virus had begun multiple assaults into the U.S. TIME Graphic by Emily Barone and Lon Tweeten Around the world, virologists were seeing similar stories written in the genes of SARS-CoV-2. In January, a couple from Hubei province arrived in Rome, eager to take in the sights of the historic European city. By Jan. 29, they were hospitalized at Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases with fever and difficulty breathing. Tests confirmed they were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Bartolini, a virologist at the hospital, and her colleagues compared the genetic sequences from a sample taken from the wife to sequences posted on GISAID. The Italian researchers found it matched five other samples from patients as far-flung as France, Taiwan, the U.S. and Australia. SARS-CoV-2 was clearly already on a whirlwind tour of the planet. Not all strains of SARS-CoV-2 are equally virulent; some branches of its genetic tree are likely to grow larger and sprout further offshoots, while others terminate more quickly, says Harm van Bakel, assistant professor of genetics and genomic sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. His team conducted the first genetic sequencing analysis of cases in New York City, which quickly became a U.S. hot spot; by March the city had seen a half a dozen or so separate introductions of SARS-CoV-2, but only two resulted in massive spread of the virus. The remainder petered out without transmitting widely. Retrospectively, theres no way to tell for sure if these two strains were simply in the right place at the right timein a particularly densely populated area of the city, for example, or in an area where people congregated and then dispersed to other parts of the cityor if they were actually more infectious. But determining the genetic code of a circulating virus early may help scientists and governments decide which strains are worth worrying about and which arent. From analyzing genetic sequences from 36 samples of patients in Northern California, Dr. Charles Chiu, professor of laboratory medicine and infectious diseases at the University of California, San Francisco, says it might have been possible to identify the major circulating strains and track how they spread if more testing were available to know who was infectedand use this information to guide quarantine and containment practices. There was a window of opportunity that if we had more testing and more contact-tracing capacities available early on, we likely would have prevented the virus from gaining a foothold at least in California, he says. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner See More » There were similar missed opportunities in Chicago, where genetic sequencing of 88 viruses revealed that the outbreak resulted from three main strains. One was similar to those circulating in New York; one was closely related to the Washington cases and a third never spread appreciably outside the Chicago area. This suggests that stricter travel restrictions might have helped limit introduction of the virus and transmission in northern Illinois. Ongoing genetic sequencing can also help officials tailor narrower strategies to quell the spread of a virus. It wasnt long after Beijing reopened following two months of lockdown that infections began creeping up again in June. Sequencing of the new cases revealed that the viruses circulating at the time shared similarities with viruses found in patients in Europe, suggesting the cases were new introductions of SARS-CoV-2 and not lingering virus from the original outbreak. That helped the Chinese government decide to implement only limited lockdowns and testing of people in specific apartment blocks around a food market where the cluster of cases emerged, rather than resort to a citywide quarantine. And there are other, less obvious ways that genetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 could help to predict surges in cases as people emerge from lockdown. Italian scientists have sampled wastewater from sewage treatment plants in northern cities where the pandemic flourished, and found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 weeks before the first cases showed up to flood the hospitals. In La Crosse, Wis., Paraic Kenny, director of the Kabara Cancer Research Institute of the Gundersen Health System, applied the same strategy in his hometown in the spring. A few weeks later, in mid-June, when cases of COVID-19 surged because of bars reopening in downtown La Crosse, Kenny compared samples from infected people with the viral genomes in his wastewater samples. They were a genetic match. The same strain of SARS-CoV-2 had been circulating in the community weeks before the cases were reported. In principle, an approach like this can be used to not just ascertain how much virus is in the community, but maybe give hospitals and public-health departments a warning of when to anticipate a surge in cases, he says. The goal is to know not just where we are today but where we will be a week or two from now. It has been 100 years since an infectious disease pushed the entire worlds population into hiding to the extent that COVID-19 has. And the primary approaches we take to combatting emerging microbes today are likewise centuries old: quarantine, hygiene and social distancing. We may never learn exactly where SARS-CoV-2 came from, and its clearly too late to prevent it from becoming a global tragedy. But extraordinary advances in scientific knowledge have given us new tools, like genetic sequencing, for a more comprehensive understanding of this virus than anyone could have imagined even a decade or two ago. These are already providing clues about how emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2 operate and, most important, how they can be thwarted with more effective drugs and vaccines. Sponsored Video Sponsored by Advertising Partner This knowledge can save millions of livesas long as science leads over politics. As unprecedented as this pandemic seems, in both scope and speed, it shouldnt have caught the world by surprise. For decades, scientific experts have been warning that emerging zoonotic viruses are a threat to humanity of the greatest magnitude. People keep using the term unprecedented. Ill tell you, biologically, there is nothing unprecedented about this virus really, says Holmes, the evolutionary biologist. Its behaving exactly as I would expect a respiratory virus to behave. Its simply how viruses work, have always worked and will continue to work. The sooner we accept that, the sooner we can act on that knowledge to control outbreaks more quickly and efficiently. With reporting by Jamie Ducharme/New York, Madeline Roache/London and John Walcott/Washington This appears in the August 03, 2020 issue of TIME. Most Popular on TIME 1 Portland Mayor Gets Tear Gassed While Protesting 2 Revenge of the Never Trumpers: Meet the Republican Dissidents Fighting to Push Donald Trump Out of Office 3 America Really Does Have a Space Force. We Went Inside to See What It Does The Coronavirus Brief. Everything you need to know about the global spread of COVID-19
11:02 AM 7/23/2020 - When two or more diseases cluster, interact, and are driven by some bigger phenomenon, they are known as syndemics, says Emily Mendenhall
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.
10:24 AM 7/23/2020
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. Rats may be infected with Covid-19, and the dogs that hunt on them might get the infection and spread it to humans. This has to be looked in carefully and ASAP. Rodents as the potential vector of Covid-19 have to be dealt with.  Furthermore, the Coronavirus Covid-19 Infection may be just a part of the complex Disease X-19 Infection, crudely mixed as the combined biological (and possibly chemical) weapon. One of the other parts may include the Hantaviruses infections, deliberately spread through rats.  The relative crudeness of this hypothetical "disease and pandemic as bioweapon" design may point, also hypothetically (and together with other observations) in the direction of the Organized Crime (TOC, Russian-Jewish Mafia).  See also: Hantavirus rats in NYC - GS Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review. The Satanic Temple plans to sue the state of Mississippi if its new flag i
Google Alert - coronavirus in new york post: Hamptons home prices skyrocket due to demand from NYC coronavirus fleers
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Disease X-19 Publications from Michael_Novakhov (5 sites). The COVID-19 exodus has driven Hamptons real-estate prices to record ... boom times because a few big-ticket transactions can pull the number up. ... is increased demand from hordes of New Yorkers fleeing the virus epicenter. ... The study counted 1,906 Hamptons properties on the market during this ...  Google Alert - coronavirus in new york post

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Coronavirus Live Updates: C.D.C. Issues New Schools Guidance
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . A new C.D.C. statement on schools calls for reopening and downplays the potential health risks. The top U.S. public health agency issued a full-throated call to reopen schools in a package of new resources and tools posted on its website Thursday night that opened with a statement that sounded more like a political speech than a scientific document, listing numerous benefits for children of being in school and downplaying the potential health risks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the new guidance two weeks after President Trump criticized its earlier recommendations on school reopenings as very tough and expensive, ramping up what had already been an anguished national debate over the question of how soon children should return to classrooms. As the president was criticizing the initial C.D.C. recommendations, a document from the agency surfaced that detailed the risks of reopening and the steps that districts were taking to minimize those risks. Reopening schools creates opportunity to invest in the education, well-being, and future of one of Americas greatest assets our children while taking every precaution to protect students, teachers, staff and all their families, the new opening statement said. The package of materials began with the opening statement, titled The Importance of Reopening Americas Schools This Fall, and repeatedly described children as being at low risk for being infected by or transmitting the coronavirus, even though the science on both aspects is far from settled. The best available evidence indicates if children become infected, they are far less likely to suffer severe symptoms, the statement said. At the same time, the harms attributed to closed schools on the social, emotional, and behavioral health, economic well-being, and academic achievement of children, in both the short- and long-term, are well-known and significant. While children infected by the virus are at low risk of becoming severely ill or dying, how often they become infected and how efficiently they spread the virus to others is not definitively known. Children in middle and high schools may also be at much higher risk of both than those under 10, according to some recent studies. Beyond the statement, the package included decision tools and checklists for parents, guidance on mitigation measures for schools to take and other information that some epidemiologists described as helpful. The new materials are meant to supplement guidance the C.D.C. previously issued on when and how to reopen schools, with recommendations such as keeping desks six feet apart and keeping children in one classroom all day instead of allowing them to move around. The new statement released on Thursday is a stark departure from the 69-page document, obtained by The New York Times earlier this month, marked For Internal Use Only, which was intended for federal public health response teams to have as they are deployed to hot spots around the country. That document classified as highest risk the full reopening of schools, and its suggestions for mitigating the risk of school reopenings would be expensive and difficult for many districts, like broad testing of students and faculty and contact tracing to find people exposed to an infected student or teacher. An Associated Press/NORC poll this week found that most Americans said they were very or extremely concerned that reopening K-12 schools for in-person instruction would contribute to spreading the virus. Altogether, 80 percent of respondents said they were at least somewhat concerned, including more than three in five Republicans. As global cases keep soaring, the virus rebounds in places that seemed to have tamed it. As the pandemic continues to grow around the world new cases have risen more than 35 percent since the end of June troubling resurgences have hit several places that were seen as models of how to respond to the virus. An outbreak in Melbourne, Australia, has rattled officials after extensive testing and early lockdowns had limited outbreaks for months. Hong Kong where schools, restaurants and malls were able to stay open has announced new restrictions in the face of its largest outbreak since the beginning of the pandemic. And cases have surged in Tokyo, which has avoided a full lockdown and relied on aggressive contact tracing to contain flare-ups. Spains reopening has stumbled in the month after it lifted a national lockdown. New cases have quadrupled, with high infection rates among young people, and forced hundreds of thousands of people to return to temporary lockdown. As governments around the world look to relax rules put in place to combat the virus, the experiences show how difficult it will be to keep outbreaks at bay. And they reflect, in some places, a weakening public tolerance for restrictions as the pandemic drags on. The scattered resurgences are not driving the pandemic. The biggest sources of new infections continue to be the United States, Brazil and India; the director general of the World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, noted this week that almost half of all cases worldwide came from just three countries. But the quick turn for the worse in places that once seemed to have gained the upper hand shows the range of vulnerabilities the virus is able to exploit. After Spains strict lockdown ended, the national government put regional governments in charge of reopening. That led to a patchwork of rules and regulations that varied widely in strictness and enforcement, much as they have in the United States. While the most serious outbreaks have been in northeastern Spain, only two regions Madrid and the Canary Islands reimposed requirements to wear face masks outdoors. In Tokyo, where the recent spikes in cases were attributed to young people congregating in nightlife districts, there have been unnerving signs that infections are now spreading to older people, too as they have in Florida. In Hong Kong, which succeeded early on by tightening borders and imposing quarantines, the resurgence has forced the government to re-close some businesses, reimpose mask orders and ask some workers to stay home. Once you loosen the restrictions too much, warned David Hui, the director of the Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, you face a rebound. Nearly 70,000 cases were recorded in the United States on Thursday, the third-most of any day in the pandemic. The total number of known cases in the country surpassed four million, according to a New York Times database, and the United States also recorded its third consecutive day of at least 1,100 deaths from the virus. In other news around the nation: Republicans struggled on Thursday to find agreement on a new proposal to lift the economy, with Senate leaders and the Trump administration at odds over multiple provisions, including how to extend unemployment benefits and White House requests for spending unrelated to the pandemic. Mr. Trump reversed course and canceled the portion of the Republican National Convention to be held in Jacksonville, Fla., just weeks after he moved the event from North Carolina because state officials wanted the party to take health precautions there. Officials in Washington State announced new restrictions on gatherings at restaurants, bars, weddings, funerals and other businesses. This is not the easy thing to do, but it is the right thing to do, Gov. Jay Inslee said in a statement. Alabama set a daily record for cases on Thursday, with 2,390. Four other states Hawaii, Indiana, Missouri and New Mexico also hit their single-day peak for new cases, while Florida and Tennessee had more virus-related deaths than on any other day. On Friday, Florida announced more than 12,440 cases and 135 deaths. A conservative think tank has asked the Oregon State Court of Appeals to issue an emergency stay against Gov. Kate Browns statewide mask mandate. The Washington-based Freedom Foundation filed the challenge on behalf of three plaintiffs who argue that they cannot wear masks because of their medical, psychological or political beliefs. Masks are set to become a statewide requirement for indoor spaces and outdoor areas when social distancing isnt possible on Friday. Representative John Lewis, the civil rights leader who died July 17, will lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda next week, before a public viewing outside. Mr. Lewiss family discouraged people from traveling to Washington for the event during the pandemic, instead asking for virtual tributes using the hashtags #BelovedCommunity or #HumanDignity. The actor and director Mel Gibson was hospitalized in California in April after testing positive for the virus but has since recovered, his representative said on Thursday. In Cochabamba, high in the Bolivian Andes, people line up daily outside pharmacies on the central plaza, eager to buy the scarce elixir they hope will ward off Covid-19: chlorine dioxide, a kind of bleach used to disinfect swimming pools and floors. Experts say drinking it is pointless at best and hazardous at worst. But in Bolivia, where people have been hospitalized after ingesting chlorine dioxide, regional authorities are testing it on prison inmates, the national Senate last week approved its use and a top lawmaker has threatened to expel the World Health Organization for opposing its medical use. Julio César Baldivieso, a local soccer hero and former national team captain, told a local television station that because Cochabambas hospitals dont have tests, they dont have materials, they dont have protective equipment, he and his family had turned to chlorine dioxide to treat their coronavirus symptoms. Bolivians have a lot of company in resorting to unproven and even dangerous treatments to prevent or treat infection. In every part of the world, hard science has had to compete for attention with pet theories, rumors and traditional beliefs during this pandemic, as in the past. Even in the United States, President Trump has promoted treatments that scientists say are useless. But interest in dubious medicines has been especially high recently in Latin America, where the virus is raging uncontrolled and many political leaders are promoting them, whether out of genuine faith or a desire to offer hope and deflect blame. In a region where few people can afford quality medical care, alternative treatments are widely touted on social media and exploited by profiteers. The people feel desperate when confronted with Covid-19, said Santiago Ron, an Ecuadorean biology professor, who has clashed with proponents of supposed treatments. They are very vulnerable to pseudoscientific promises. One of New Zealands secrets to its successful virus response may be a simple one: trust. In a national survey of more than 1,000 people, researchers found that nearly all New Zealanders have adopted hygiene practices known to deter the virus, and their belief in the authorities was at almost 100 percent. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has been praised internationally for her governments pandemic response and for her leadership through the crisis, which saw the country institute a total national lockdown when cases were just beginning. To date, the country has had just 1,556 cases and 22 deaths, and has gone 83 days without community transmission of the virus. Almost all New Zealanders correctly understand important facts about the coronavirus, with nearly nine in 10 aware of the symptoms, protective behaviors and asymptomatic transmission. The survey, led by Dr. Jagadish Thaker and Dr. Vishnu Menon of the Massey University School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, also noted widespread approval for how the government has handled the pandemic and praise for Ms. Ardern and the director general of health, Dr. Ashley Bloomfield. There was a feeling of unity and a sense that we had a leader looking after us, which was in sharp contrast to other leaders in the U.S. and U.K., Dr. Thaker said in a statement. Dr. Thaker noted that the success of New Zealands response had become the envy of the world as our lives return to normality. Global Roundup South Africa will close schools again, as the president warns of a coming wave of infections. President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa announced Thursday that the countrys public schools would shut down for the next four weeks, calling it a break. Children had begun returning to school in June in a phased reopening after a four-month shutdown. Schools are now set to close again on Monday. We have taken a deliberately cautious approach to keep schools closed during a period when the country is expected to experience its greatest increase in infections, Mr. Ramaphosa said in an address to the nation. A survey released Thursday from researchers at the University of Johannesburg and the Human Sciences Research Council showed that 60 percent of South African adults do not want schools to open again this year. With at least 408,000 coronavirus cases, South Africa is the fifth-hardest-hit country in the world and has the highest caseload in Africa, according to a New York Times database. There were more than 17,000 excess deaths in the country from May 6 to July 14, as compared to data from the past two years, according to a report from the South African Medical Research Council released this week. That is a 59 percent increase in the number of deaths by natural causes than would normally be expected. The numbers have shown a relentless increase, the report said. The councils president, Glenda Gray, said the excess deaths could be attributed to coronavirus as well as to H.I.V., tuberculosis and noncommunicable diseases as health services are re-orientated to support this health crisis. In other news from around the globe: France reported a sharp uptick in new virus cases on Thursday, with more than 1,000 new infections recorded in 24 hours. The rise confirms a weeks-long upward trend. There were about 800 new cases per day on average over the past seven days, compared with 500 per day the previous week, according to a New York Times database. Nevertheless, professional soccer will return Friday after a four-month lapse with a match for the French Cup final. Attendance in the Stade de France in Paris, which can hold 80,000 fans, will be capped at 5,000. Masks are now required in shops, supermarkets, transportation hubs and when picking up food and drink from restaurants in England. Those who refuse to wear a face covering could be fined up to 100 pounds, or $127. But as the new guidelines came into force on Friday, some supermarkets and coffee shop chains said they would not challenge customers who enter their businesses unmasked. Germany will offer free coronavirus tests to citizens returning from abroad as part of new measures agreed to on Friday to curb the viruss spread. Those who fly in from countries considered to be high-risk can undergo tests directly at the airport upon arrival, Jens Spahn, Germanys health minister said. The tests are voluntary, although officials are exploring the legal possibilities of making them mandatory. Germany recorded 815 new cases on Friday, more than double the number recorded at the beginning of July. Bring the change you want to see in the world, the Mint urges. Pennies and dimes are hard to find in many parts of America after pandemic lockdowns disrupted their flow and kept people from exchanging their jars of coins for dollar bills. The U.S. Mint wants you to know that you can be part of the solution. We ask that the American public start spending their coins, the Mint, which is part of the U.S. Treasury, implored in a statement on Thursday. Or you should deposit them or exchange them for cash, it urged. The coin supply problem can be solved with each of us doing our part, the statement said. The coin shortage has forced regional Federal Reserve Banks, which distribute change, to institute a rationing system. On June 30, the Fed established a coin task force to deal with the unfolding crisis, complete with industry leaders in the coin supply chain. The shortage has become a problem for many small businesses across America, and the topic of fraught discussions on doomsday Reddit and the local news. Even big retailers are feeling the penny pinch Walmart, CVS, Kroger and other chains have begun asking customers to pay with plastic when possible or to use exact change. While digital payments have become prevalent, change has remained crucial to some parts of the economy: Parking meters, vending machines, amusement parks and even campground showers keep coins in regular use. For the unbanked, cash is an essential part of daily life. For millions of Americans, cash is the only form of payment, and cash transactions rely on coins to make change, the Mint said. As important as it is to get more coins circulating, safety is paramount, it added. Please be sure to follow all safety and health guidelines. The quiet planet: A locked-down Earth is making a lot less noise, geologists report. Heavy traffic, football games, rock concerts, fireworks, factories, jackhammers all help make up the pulse of human activity, and in a world forced into lethargy by pandemic, that pulse is measurably quieter. A team of 76 scientists from more than two dozen countries, drawing on readings from earthquake-detection equipment, reported that lockdowns have led to a drop of up to 50 percent in the global din tied to humans. The length and quiescence of this period represents the longest and most coherent global seismic noise reduction in recorded history, the scientists wrote in the journal Science. That quiet, they said, resulted from social distancing, industrial shutdowns and drops in travel and tourism. The decline far exceeded what is typically observed on weekends and holidays. The seismometers used by geologists to listen for underground movement are highly sensitive. Apart from earthquakes and human activity, they can detect waves crashing onto shorelines and the impacts of rocky intruders from outer space. In 2001, when the World Trade Center in New York City collapsed, the vibrations registered in five states. For this study, the team assembled data from 337 seismometers run by citizen scientists and 268 stations run by government, university and corporate geologists. They found that the quieting began in China in late January and spread to Europe and the rest of the world in March and April. By the end of the monitoring period, in May, the vibration levels in Beijing remained lower, suggesting that the pandemic was still restricting activity there, the researchers said. Nearly four months after the pandemics peak in New York, the city is facing such serious delays in returning test results that public health experts are warning that the problems could hinder efforts to reopen the local economy and schools. Despite repeated pledges from Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo and Mayor Bill de Blasio that testing would be both widely accessible and effective, thousands of New Yorkers have had to wait a week or more for results, and at some clinics the median wait time is nine days. One prominent local official has even proposed the drastic step of limiting testing. The delays are caused in part by the outbreaks spike in states like California, Florida and Texas, which has strained laboratories across the country and touched off a renewed national testing crisis. Just weeks after resolving shortages in swabs, researchers across the country are struggling to find the chemicals and plastic pieces they need to carry out tests in the lab leading to long waiting times. But officials have also been unable to adequately expand the capacity of state and city government laboratories in New York to test rapidly at a time when they are asking more New Yorkers to get tested to guard against a second wave. As capacity expanded, New York City authorities began encouraging everyone to get tested, and urged people to get tested repeatedly, setting a target of 50,000 tests per day. In recent weeks, about 20,000 to 35,000 people are tested most weekdays, a demand that has put a strain on local labs. City public health officials said they were growing increasingly alarmed by the delays, pointing out that widespread testing and quick turnaround times were needed to reduce transmission by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients, who are believed to play a major part in the viruss spread. This is becoming a problem, said Dr. Jay Varma, a City Hall adviser who has a critical role in the citys testing and contact-tracing program. Any lag in this process can make it more difficult to have case and contact tracing be effective. New York Citys abrupt lockdown in March came just before the annual onslaught of tourists as the weather begins to warm. Officials were expecting more than 67 million visitors in 2020, about one-fifth of them from outside the country. Now the citys tourism officials have been left wondering how they will ever revive an industry that brought in about $45 billion in annual spending and supported about 300,000 jobs. In the second week of July, the occupancy rate of New York City hotels was just 37 percent, according to STR, a research firm. That is down from more than 90 percent in recent summers. We think its too soon to encourage travel and invite folks to come back in, said Fred Dixon, the chief executive of NYC & Company, the citys tourism marketing agency. He said that for the past four months the city had had no tourism to speak of and that he was not even guessing how many visitors it would tally for the year. Among the few tourists in town this week were Shin Roldan, 31, and her new husband, Keith, 30, who live in Morristown, N.J, within commuting distance. They were having a honeymoon of sorts, a few months after a pandemic wedding in their backyard, Ms. Roldan said. They had already ridden the tram to Roosevelt Island in the East River and planned to go to the observation deck atop the Empire State Building, which had just reopened. We can take a lot of pictures, just the two of us, with nobody else in the pictures, Mr. Roldan said. Thats always a problem in New York. Reporting was contributed by Dan Bilefsky, William J. Broad, José María León Cabrera, Julia Calderone, Emily Cochrane, Michael Cooper, Melissa Eddy, Joseph Goldstein, Abby Goodnough, Maggie Haberman, Annie Karni, Josh Keller, Anatoly Kurmanaev, Patricia Mazzei, Patrick McGeehan, Jesse McKinley, Constant Méheut, Raphael Minder, Elian Peltier, Alan Rappeport, Giovanni Russonello, Nate Schweber, Mitch Smith, Megan Specia, Kaly Soto, Jim Tankersley, María Silvia Trigo, Daniel Victor and Lauren Wolfe.

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Selected and Editorial Posts

THE REAL COUP WAS IN 2016 | THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

The real Coup was in 2016, and it was performed by the corrupt, pro neo-Nazi oriented, Abwehr bought and subverted, the Rightist wing of the GOP, the Broidy-Manafort ring in its latest reincarnation; and by the other alumni of the Abwehr Law School, a.k.a. Roy Cohn’s Law Firm: Little Duce Giuliani, “dirty trickster” Roger Stone, and their circles, climbing and clawing their ways to Power and Money. And apparently, some officers of the New York Branch of the FBI were their ideological and operational “stormtroopers”. Search the Anthony Weiner sexting affair scandal as FBI operation, much under-researched, under-investigated, and under-publicized. 
If only a part of all these legitimate and well based suspicions and accusations against the New York branch of the FBI are proven or sufficiently demonstrated, this question would be quite legitimate: Was at least a part of the NY FBI branch corrupt, rotten, in Trump’s pocket, and under possible influences of the foreign agents? 

Investigate the “STORMTROOPERS” – the alleged “pro-Trumpists” within the NY branch of the FBI, and look into the general health of the whole branch. 

Investigate James Kallstrom and others! 

Investigate the Abwehr – Roy Cohn Law School and all its “graduates”. 

Investigate the political corruption in both parties. Investigate the corruption and failures within the FBI, and their root causes. The proof is in the pudding, sadly but undeniably. 

Michael Novakhov | 7:38 AM 11/26/2019 – Post Link

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The Psychoanalysis of Intelligence Operations And the Diagnostic Signs and Features of Abwehr Operations – Preliminary Web Review By Michael Novakhov

Psychoanalysis of Intelligence Operations – 11.17.19

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(PDF) The Role of Psychoanalytic Knowledge in CIA’s ARTICHOKE and MKULTRA Documents During the Years 1947-1963: Use and Misuse of Psychoanalytic Techniques

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Check out C-SPAN’s Impeachment Inquiry Page: https://www.c-span.org/impeachment | 

Post Link | C-SPAN has launched a new web page, c-span.org/impeachment, devoted to Congress’ impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump. The goal is to provide one-stop shopping for all of C-SPAN’s coverage of the inquiry, including the latest Hill tweets, various news conferences and hearings, and the Trump Administration’s response. 

» Saved Stories – None: C-SPAN Launches Impeachment Coverage Page
22/10/19 07:34 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
C-SPAN has launched a new web page, c-span.org/ impeachment , devoted to Congress’ impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump. The goal … Saved Stories – None

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Saved Stories – In 50 Brief Posts | In 250 Brief Posts | On RSS Dog | 

» Saved Stories - None: Coronavirus Live Updates: C.D.C. Issues New Schools Guidance
24/07/20 11:37 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
A new C.D.C. statement on schools calls for reopening and downplays the potential health risks. The top U.S. public health agency issued a full-throated call to reopen schools in a package of new “resources and tools” posted ...

» Saved Stories - None: FOX News: Robert E. Lee statue, eight Confederate busts removed from Virginia Capitol
24/07/20 11:19 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
A life-size statue of General Robert E. Lee along with the busts of eight of his Confederate colleagues were removed from Virginia's Capitol late Thursday and early Friday. FOX News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: "fbi" - Google News: FBI warns US companies about backdoors in Chinese tax software - ZDNet
24/07/20 11:18 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
FBI warns US companies about backdoors in Chinese tax software    ZDNet "fbi" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: The National Interest: Random Sampling Suggests COVID-19 Is 6 Times Deadlier Than Flu
24/07/20 11:18 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Nir Menachemi Public Health, North America From April 25 to May 1, our team randomly selected and tested thousands of Indiana residents, no matter if they’d been sick or not. From this testing we were able to get some of the first truly ...

» Saved Stories - None: The National Interest: 95 Percent Casualties: Why It Was So Hard to Stop the Nazis From Laying Siege to Leningrad
24/07/20 11:17 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Warfare History Network History, Europe The battle lasted years and killed millions. Key Point:  The Soviets would lose an entire army when trying to save the city. In fact, multiple offensives would fail, although eventually Moscow woul...

» Saved Stories - None: "fbi" - Google News: FBI: Illegal Attempts to Buy Guns Skyrocketed When Coronavirus Pandemic Began - Officer
24/07/20 11:17 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
FBI: Illegal Attempts to Buy Guns Skyrocketed When Coronavirus Pandemic Began    Officer "fbi" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: The National Interest: Wrecked: How Churchill's Mini-Subs Destroyed Hitler's Battleship Tirpitz
24/07/20 11:16 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Warfare History Network History, Europe The difficult operation paid off for London and caused much anguish in Berlin. Key point:  The battleship was injured by mulitple mini-submarines. Shortly thereafter, the Royal Navy's carriers sent...

» Saved Stories - None: Defense One - All Content: The November Election Is Going to Be a Mess
24/07/20 11:16 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Disaster is avoidable—if lawmakers act now. Defense One - All Content Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Security Boulevard: What Twitter Attack Says on Human Nature, Social Engineering
24/07/20 11:15 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Last week, Twitter suffered a breach that led to the compromise of numerous high-profile accounts, including those of Barak Obama, Joe Biden, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk. I took the opportunity to speak with Nir... The post What Twitter Att...

» Saved Stories - None: "cia" - Google News: LIPSON: A Put-Up Job: The FBI, CIA, Mueller, and Schiff Investigate Trump-Russia Collusion - Yall Politics
24/07/20 11:15 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
LIPSON: A Put-Up Job: The FBI, CIA, Mueller, and Schiff Investigate Trump-Russia Collusion    Yall Politics "cia" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Just Security: The President’s Private Army
24/07/20 11:14 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
It doesn’t take a legal expert to know that what’s happening in Portland, Oregon is an abuse of power. When unidentified federal forces dressed as soldiers pull people off the streets into unmarked vans, something is gravely wrong. What’...

» Saved Stories - None: "cia" - Google News: Don’t Rush to Judge the CIA’s Covert Cyber Offensive - World Politics Review
24/07/20 11:14 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Don’t Rush to Judge the CIA’s Covert Cyber Offensive    World Politics Review "cia" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: "fbi" - Google News: Inside the San Antonio FBI - WOAI
24/07/20 11:14 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Inside the San Antonio FBI    WOAI "fbi" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: "International Security" - Google News: Will NATO still be relevant in the future? - Atlantic Council
24/07/20 11:13 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Will NATO still be relevant in the future?    Atlantic Council "International Security" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: The National Interest: Pandemic Problem: Trump’s Historical Mistake Dooms His Reelection Prospects
24/07/20 11:13 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Amitai Etzioni Politics, Americas The president prioritized the economy over his people—and he will pay for that at the polls. Social scientists like myself tend to play down the role of personalities in history, instead paying more mind...

» Saved Stories - None: "International Security" - Google News: Who’s afraid of China’s big bad wolf warriors? - The Australian
24/07/20 11:12 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Who’s afraid of China’s big bad wolf warriors?    The Australian "International Security" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Window on Eurasia -- New Series: Kremlin Now Using Third-Party Lawsuits to Bankrupt Those who Oppose It, Agora Report Says
24/07/20 11:12 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Paul Goble             Staunton, July 22 – The Kremlin has found a new wave to go after its political opponents: using suits by third parties to bankrupt and thus hobble them, even a...

» Saved Stories - None: "russia" - Google News: Russia c.bank chief gives online press conference after rate decision - Reuters UK
24/07/20 11:11 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Russia c.bank chief gives online press conference after rate decision    Reuters UK "russia" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: "Turkey and Russia" - Google News: Is Erdogan’s ability to turn superpower rivalry to advantage diminishing? - Al-Monitor
24/07/20 11:11 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Is Erdogan’s ability to turn superpower rivalry to advantage diminishing?    Al-Monitor "Turkey and Russia" - Google News Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Europe: Germany to beef up financial regulation after Wirecard scandal
24/07/20 11:10 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
BaFin will be given ‘sovereign powers’ to intervene directly in public companies Europe Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Europe: Restrictions return in Spain as coronavirus infections spike again
24/07/20 11:10 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Outbreaks trace to seasonal farm work, family gatherings and nightclubs — with 100 cases linked to one party setting. Europe Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Chechen leader Kadyrov announces retaliatory sanctions on US secretary of state after Washington targets his family
24/07/20 10:33 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The head of Chechnya has announced the imposition of “all the sanctions in the republic” against US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Ramzan Kadyrov says it’s in response to Washington’s latest measures against his relatives. On July 20, t...

» Saved Stories - None: Germany, seeking independence from U.S., pushes cyber security research
24/07/20 10:26 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
FILE PHOTO: A German flag is seen on the laptop screen in front of a computer screen on which cyber code is displayed, in this illustration picture taken March 2, 2018. REUTERS/Kacper Pempel/Illustration BERLIN (Reuters) - Germany announ...

» Saved Stories - None: Germany: New cyber command 'will take action' against cyber attacks - DefMin - YouTube
24/07/20 10:23 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Germany: New cyber command 'will take action' against cyber attacks - DefMin Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: 9:10 AM 7/24/2020 - COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research | Coronavirus and cybercrime: Germany assumes EU presidency with strong focus on cybersecurity | America ranked among worst countries to raise a family, study says
24/07/20 09:18 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
July 24, 2020 9:10 AM 7/24/2020   JULY 24, 2020 COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research by   SEIJI YAMADA Facebook Twitter Reddit Email The anthrax attacks of 2001 were carried out via mail. Anthrax was sent via the US Postal Service ...

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - sars cov 2 as bioweapon: COVID-19 and Bioweapons Research
24/07/20 09:00 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The anthrax attacks of 2001 were carried out via mail. Anthrax was sent via the US Postal Service to members of Congress and media executives ... Google Alert - sars cov 2 as bioweapon Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Coronavirus and US Military: The New Cold War Heats Up
24/07/20 08:59 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The build up of US -Nato forces continues unabated around the Black Sea and ... biggest coronavirus outbreak within the U.S. military anywhere in the world . . . [on July 16] U.S. Forces Japan confirmed another 36 infections among ....

» Saved Stories - None: The evidence supports the ability of dogs and cats to seroconvert when living as pets in a COVID-19 positive household and in regions with high burden of human disease.news-medical.net/news/20200724/…
24/07/20 08:58 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The evidence supports the ability of dogs and cats to seroconvert when living as pets in a COVID-19 positive household and in regions with high burden of human disease. news-medical.net/news/20200724/… Posted by mikenov on Friday, July 2...

» Saved Stories - None: “This is the largest study to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals to date. We found that companion animals living in areas of high human infection can become infected.”news-medical.net/news/20200724/…
24/07/20 08:58 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
“This is the largest study to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in companion animals to date. We found that companion animals living in areas of high human infection can become infected.” news-medical.net/news/20200724/… Posted by mikenov on Friday...

» Saved Stories - None: The researchers say that pets are unlikely to be an important route of viral spread, but when animals are present at high density, as on mink breeding farms, the virus may spread from animals to humans more readily.news-medical.net
24/07/20 08:57 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The researchers say that pets are unlikely to be an important route of viral spread, but when animals are present at high density, as on mink breeding farms, the virus may spread from animals to humans more readily. news-medical.net/news...

» Saved Stories - None: RT @FFRAFAction: German Jewish leaders fear rise of antisemitic conspiracy theories linked to Covid-19 theguardian.com/world/2020/jul…
24/07/20 08:57 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
German Jewish leaders fear rise of antisemitic conspiracy theories linked to Covid-19 theguardian.com/world/2020/jul… Posted by FFRAFAction on Friday, July 24th, 2020 10:47am Retweeted by mikenov on Friday, July 24th, 2020 10:49am 7 like...

» Saved Stories - None: RT @PostOpinions: Trump has demonstrated that it is possible to hollow out and manipulate even the institutions of the United States to ser…
24/07/20 08:56 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Trump has demonstrated that it is possible to hollow out and manipulate even the institutions of the United States to serve one individual’s personal interests, writes @justicemalala wapo.st/3jzqbeY Posted by PostOpinions on Friday, July...

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Covid-19 blood clots: Why COVID-19 is killing US diabetes patients at alarming rates
24/07/20 08:56 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Clark, a financial systems analyst, died April 6 from a blood clot in the lungs. Osojnicki is among 255 recorded deaths in Minnesota of people with COVID  ... Google Alert - Covid-19 blood clots Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Coronavirus and cyber attacks: Coronavirus and cybercrime: Germany assumes EU presidency with strong focus on cybersecurity
24/07/20 08:53 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Data privacy, IoT security , and closer co-operation among member states also on the agenda. Germany's EU presidency started in July 2020, with a ... Google Alert - Coronavirus and cyber attacks Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - gastrointestinal coronavirus: A Doctor Who Specializes in Long-Term COVID-19 Effects Is Alarmed by What He Sees
24/07/20 08:52 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
For thousands of Americans, a coronavirus diagnosis was only the ... the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidneys, liver, brain, and nervous system. Google Alert - gastrointestinal coronavirus Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Covid-19: genetic studies: Coronavirus heart threat: 10-to-30 percent of those hospitalized end up with 'molecular damage'
24/07/20 08:51 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
More than six months into the global pandemic, studies have shown that COVID - 19 can not only exacerbate existing heart problems, but could also ... Google Alert - Covid-19: genetic studies Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - coronavirus herd immunity: WHO chief scientist sees no herd immunity to COVID-19 yet
24/07/20 08:49 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Herd immunity is usually achieved through vaccination and occurs when most of a population is immune to a disease, blocking its continued spread. Google Alert - coronavirus herd immunity Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - coronavirus in israel: Israel records over 1800 fresh COVID-19 infections
24/07/20 08:49 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
JERUSALEM. Israel on Friday confirmed another 1,889 cases infected with the novel coronavirus . According to the Health Ministry, the total count of ... Google Alert - coronavirus in israel Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Explained: How ‘corona’ of the virus changes into a hairpin shape — and why
24/07/20 08:21 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Written by Kabir Firaque | New Delhi | Updated: July 24, 2020 10:45:13 am Structure of SARS-CoV-2, including the spike protein. (Source: Wikipedia) The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 — the ‘corona’ in the coronavirus that ...

» Saved Stories - None: 7:47 AM 7/24/2020 - Saved Stories - Disease X-19
24/07/20 07:51 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
July 24, 2020 7:47 AM 7/24/2020 Saved Stories - Disease X-19 ________________________________________________________________________ - Saved Stories - Disease X-19   Google Alert - coronavirus origins: Watch Now: Stricter COVID-19 ...

» Saved Stories - None: 6:59 AM 7/24/2020 - "3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers" - Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy
24/07/20 07:08 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
July 24, 2020 @AnimalChannel14 Your dog has many ways of communicating with you - here are 50 things they do and what it means. Here's What Dogs Are Saying When They Lean On You animalchannel.co 6:59 AM 7/24/2020 The researchers say that...

» Saved Stories - None: Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy | bioRxiv
24/07/20 06:53 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy View ORCID Profile E.I. Patterson , G. Elia , A. Grassi , A. Giordano , C. Desario , M. Medardo , S.L. Smith , E.R. Anderson , T. Prince , G.T. Patterson , E. L...

» Saved Stories - None: Pets Show Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Study
24/07/20 06:43 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is thought to have originated in animals. This jumped species barriers to infect humans and is now showing rapid and easy transmission between them. A new study...

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - coronavirus origins: Watch Now: Stricter COVID-19 measures remain 'very much on the table' as COVID-19 infects 1 ...
24/07/20 06:40 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
“I cannot think of a time in the history of our city where 1% of our population was diagnosed with an infectious disease in a six-month period of time ... Google Alert - coronavirus origins Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins: Dozens of asymptomatic Orange jail inmates test positive for COVID-19
24/07/20 06:40 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
With the Department of Health's assistance, the Orange County Jail has started a contact tracing process to determine the origins of positive cases within ... Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - coronavirus symptoms: COVID-19 vs. EEE: Deadly Mosquito Virus Shares Coronavirus Symptoms
24/07/20 06:39 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
But it wasn't the COVID-19 crisis of 2020. It was an outbreak of EEE infections in 2019. EEE (Eastern equine encephalitis) refers to a brain inflammation ... Google Alert - coronavirus symptoms Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins: WHO chief denounces 'unacceptable' comments questioning his independence
24/07/20 06:38 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
CONCORD — All hospitals in the state will permit non- COVID 19 patients to designate someone who can regularly visit, state officials announced ... Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - sars cov 2: How 'corona' of the virus changes into a hairpin shape — and why
24/07/20 06:38 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
The spike protein of SARS - CoV - 2 — the 'corona' in the coronavirus that causes Covid-19 disease — has just revealed new secrets. Researchers have ... Google Alert - sars cov 2 Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - covid-19 superspreaders: Large parties turned into 'super-spreader' events for COVID-19 in Ottawa: Ottawa Public Health
24/07/20 06:37 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
OTTAWA -- Ottawa's associate medical officer of health says large social gatherings and parties turned into "a super-spreader event" for COVID - 19 in ... Google Alert - covid-19 superspreaders Saved Stories - None

» Saved Stories - None: Google Alert - Coronavirus and US Navy: COVID-19 patients will be 'sent home to die' if deemed too sick, Texas hospital says
24/07/20 06:36 from Saved Stories from Michael_Novakhov (1 sites)
It expanded again to 29 beds when state officials sent medical workers to the county. On Sunday, Gov.Abbott announced U.S. Navy teams will go to ... Google Alert - Coronavirus and US Navy Saved Stories - None

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