8:07 AM 7/14/2020 - "Pass the SALT!!!" The Mystery of the African swine fever in China and Asia | Swine Fever Is Killing Vast Numbers Of Pigs In China : The Salt : NPR | Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON - Google Search
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8:07 AM 7/14/2020 - "Pass the SALT!!!"
Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON - Google Search
African swine fever virus, or ASFV, transmission through feed for pigs - Google Search
Swine Fever Is Killing Vast Numbers Of Pigs In China : The Salt : NPR (Pass the SALT!!! - Munich Cluster - Reuters)
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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ | InBrief |
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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ | InBrief |
Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON - Google Search
African swine fever virus, or ASFV, transmission through feed for pigs - Google Search
Swine Fever Is Killing Vast Numbers Of Pigs In China : The Salt : NPR (Pass the SALT!!! - Munich Cluster - Reuters)
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- In August 2018, the first ASF outbreak was reported in Shenyang, northeast China. The ASF viral sequence in China seems to be highly homologous to that of the Georgia 2007 strain. So it is speculated that ASF came to China via Russia or Eastern Europe...https://www.fxstreet.com/analysis/the-mystery-of-the-african-swine-fever-in-china-and-asia-201908260134 …
- "Despite the official ASF story, the virus has been used as a bio-weapon in the past."
The Mystery of the African swine fever in China and Asia https://www.fxstreet.com/analysis/the-mystery-of-the-african-swine-fever-in-china-and-asia-201908260134 … - Swine Fever Is Killing Vast Numbers Of Pigs In China : The Salt : NPR https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/15/751090633/swine-fever-is-killing-vast-numbers-of-pigs-in-china …
- Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON
https://images.app.goo.gl/c37kGwkSdw1jyMx68 …- Michael Novakhov RetweetedArkansas police officer allegedly shot fellow officer after threatening to shoot protesters http://hill.cm/sddLr0I
- Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPONhttps://
images.app.goo.gl/x7fXJ4j2fPnNHagWA … - Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON - Google Search https://www.google.com/search?q=Pig+feed+with+African+Swine+Fever+Virus+%28ASFV%29+is+a+BIOWEAPON&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&oq=Pig+feed+with+African+Swine+Fever+Virus+%28ASFV%29+is+a+BIOWEAPON&aqs=chrome..69i57.92139j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 …
- Our findings demonstrate that ASFV Georgia 2007 can easily be transmitted orally...
Infectious Dose of African Swine Fever Virus When Consumed Naturally in Liquid or Feed - Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/5/18-1495_article … - African swine fever virus, or ASFV, transmission through feed for pigs - Google Search https://www.google.com/search?q=African+swine+fever+virus%2C+or+ASFV%2C+transmission+through+feed+for+pigs&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&oq=African+swine+fever+virus%2C+or+ASFV%2C+transmission+through+feed+for+pigs&aqs=chrome..69i57.26570j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 …
- African Swine Fever
Certain feed additives may be effective tools against ASF https://www.feednavigator.com/Article/2020/07/09/Certain-feed-additives-may-be-effective-tools-against-ASF# … - People probably caught coronavirus from minks. That’s a wake-up call to study infections in animals, researchers say. - The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2020/06/19/humans-may-have-caught-coronavirus-mink-thats-wake-up-call-study-infections-animals-researchers-say/ …
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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ | InBrief |
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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks  | ||||
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| The Mystery of the African swine fever in China and Asia | ||||
The costly and deadly African swine fever is penalizing food security in China and more than half a dozen Asian countries. Despite the official ASF story, the virus has been used as a bio-weapon in the past. The suppression of such bio-threats requires multipolar cooperation.
On August 20, Agriculture Secretary William Dar confirmed the BAI report on the growing death rate of pigs raised by farmers in their backyards. The Philippines is tightening bio-security awaiting lab results.
Along with Myanmar, Philippines may prove the most recent target of the Asian swine fever (ASF). The virus is already present in six Asian countries: Cambodia, China, DPR Korea, Lao PDR, Mongolia and Vietnam. Current losses represent more than 10% of the total pig population in China, Vietnam and Mongolia, respectively.
But how did the African swine fever (ASF) outbreak start?
The official ASF narrative
The ASF is a devastating hemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates close to 100 percent. It causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. There is no vaccine against the virus. It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bush pigs, and soft ticks, which likely act as a vector with no disease signs.
Historically, the first African swine fever outbreak took place in Kenya in 1907. The first spread of ASF outside Africa was to Portugal in 1957, presumably as a result of waste from airline flights being fed to pigs near Lisbon airport. Outbreaks of ASF were reported subsequently in other European countries.
Cuba was the first country in the Caribbean region to report infection with ASF in 1971. It was believed to have been introduced from Spain. ASF was further reported in the late 1970s in several Caribbean island countries and in Brazil 1978. Presumably, it was introduced from Spain or Portugal through food waste carried by transcontinental flights.
After a decade or more relative quiet, the ASF in 2007 spread to Georgia in the Caucasus and thereafter widely to neighboring countries, including Armenia, Azerbaijan and several territories in Russia. After another decade of quiet, the number of ASF outbreaks suddenly soared after September 2018, especially in China, although it had not been detected in China or Asia before. Since then, over 2.8 million hogs have been culled globally due to ASF, although according to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Industry observers believe the actual number is much higher.
Thats the conventional wisdom, which implies that ASF remained restricted to Africa until the late 50s. In reality, ASF had arrived in North America already in the early 1950s, when Fort Terry, a US biowarfare facility in Plum Island New York, housed seven deadly virus strains.
ASF in biological warfare
After World War II experimentation, U.S. biological warfare was launched for offensive purposes. During the Cold War, ASF attracted great interest among anti-animal viruses, such as foot and mouth disease and cattle plague. By 1954, according to biowarfare historians, three viruses were available as agents for the destruction of food-bearing animals, including ASF.
Between the mid-1960s and late 90s, Cuba accused the United States of 10 biological warfare attacks following serious infectious disease outbreaks. None were proven conclusively, but several probably occurred. In 1971, pigs in Havana hog farm were diagnosed with ASF virus, which spread and caused half a million pigs to be slaughtered. Cuba suffered food shortage. The UN labeled the outbreak the "most alarming event" of 1971.
In 1977, the investigative journalists of Newsday, a Long Island daily, reported the virus was delivered from a US army base in the Panama Canal Zone; the site of joint Army-CIA covert operations in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Reportedly, anti-Castro saboteurs, backed by the CIA, had introduced ASF into Cuba six weeks before the outbreak to destabilize the economy. US Army denied involvement. Nevertheless, Norman Covert, historian of Fort Detrick, Maryland the center of US biowarfare from the mid-50s to late 60s - has said that CIA had access to these laboratories. Later, a CIA document confirmed that biological warfare was used in efforts to destabilize Cuba.
Such efforts did not end with the Cold War. In 2000, neoconservatives behind the Bush administration flirted with the idea of politically useful ethnic bioweapons. That led Russia in 2007 to ban all exports of human bio samples.
In October 2018, Russian Defense Ministry claimed that the spread of viral diseases from Georgia, including African swine fever since 2007, could be connected to a US lab network. In the area, more than 70 Georgians had died in mysterious conditions, which Moscow attributed to US toxins or bioweapons. Russia believed bio agents violated the prohibition of biological weapons.
The lab network is part of the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP), which is funded by Pentagons Cooperative Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). The CBEP labs are located in 25 countries, particularly in Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia, including Philippines.
As Pentagon denied that US was developing biological weapons in the labs, Vladimir Shamanov, head of Russias State Duma Defense Committee, called for a comprehensive evaluation suggesting joint inspections. Yet, these multilateral demands have been ignored.
In its 2020 multimillion-dollar budget, the DTRA characterizes the program in Asia by its biosecurity functions, but also as the partner of choice in a region competing against Chinese influence. So while virus outbreaks operate across borders, multilateral cooperation is shunned for geopolitics.
How did ASF spread in China and Asia
Some speculate that secrecy and misguided incentives might have fueled the crisis in China. But possible reasons for the accelerated ASF spread do not explain its source, timing or strain.
In August 2018, the first ASF outbreak was reported in Shenyang, northeast China. The ASF viral sequence in China seems to be highly homologous to that of the Georgia 2007 strain. So it is speculated that ASF came to China via Russia or Eastern Europe from the areas that remain the crux of the US-Russian biowarfare debate.
What is certain is that the ASF is a major threat to Chinese and Asian biosafety. China has the largest swine population in the world, with 690 million pigs in 2017. Thats almost half of the worlds pork production. Already nearly 5 million pigs in Asia have died or been culled because of the spread of ASF.
In addition to the geographic source of the virus, the timing is intriguing. In China, the ASF spread began in parallel with the US trade war after mid-2018. As a result, US pork sales to China were over three times pricier last spring than during the same period a year before, despite the US retaliatory tariffs.
There is still another odd anomaly. In a new study, Chinese medical researchers identified the ASFV strain but conclude that it differs from reported ASF virus strains in China in 2018.
The way to resolve the ASF oddities, including the spread of information and disinformation, is to build on international multipolar biological arms control; that is, the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). But that would require multilateralism, which the Trump administration abhors.
The economic costs and existential risks associated with biological threats should outweigh the current mistrust among major powers.
This commentary is based on Dr Steinbocks fully-referenced research note on the African swine fever outbreaks worldwide.
Dr. Dan Steinbock is the founder of Difference Group and has served at the India, China and America Institute (US), Shanghai Institute for International Studies (China) and the EU Center (Singapore).
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| Swine Fever Is Killing Vast Numbers Of Pigs In China : The Salt : NPR | ||||
Pigs are seen in a hog pen in Linquan county in central China's Anhui province in July. The number of pigs in China is falling rapidly due to an epidemic of African Swine Fever. Barcroft Media/Barcroft Media via Getty Images hide caption
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Pigs are seen in a hog pen in Linquan county in central China's Anhui province in July. The number of pigs in China is falling rapidly due to an epidemic of African Swine Fever.
Barcroft Media/Barcroft Media via Getty Images "Every day, we hear of more outbreaks," says Christine McCracken, a senior analyst at RaboResearch, which is affiliated with the global financial firm Rabobank. McCracken and her colleagues now estimate that by the end of 2019, China's production of pork could be cut in half. "That's roughly 300 million to 350 million pigs lost in China, which is almost a quarter of the world's pork supply," she says. "It's a massive number." (This measures the reduction in pigs slaughtered annually, which is roughly twice the number of animals in China's swine herd at any one time.) The estimate, McCracken says, is based on information from her company's clients in China, which include meat packers, companies that sell animal feed, and animal health experts. African Swine Fever is not the same as "swine flu." This disease is harmless to humans. It can spread through contaminated pork products or the clothes of people working with infected pigs. It does not travel through the air, but it's long-lived and hard to get rid of which Chinese farmers are learning the hard way. "They've had a hard time repopulating herds," McCracken says. "It's hard to decontaminate a facility in a short amount of time. Generally, it takes at least six months, sometimes three years, to decontaminate a site." Up to now, Chinese consumers still are finding enough pork to buy. McCracken says that's mainly because many farmers slaughtered their herds early, out of fear of infection. In the past month or so, however, supplies have started to run short, and pork prices are now rising sharply in China. In fact, people around the world are now starting to feel the effects. With fewer pigs, China is importing less soy meal to feed them. That alone has been enough to push down global prices for soybeans, which means less money for farmers in Brazil and the U.S. The effect on soybean prices may turn out to be modest. According to a preliminary analysis by Amani Elobeid, an economist at Iowa State University, and Miguel Carriquiry, at the University of the Republic in Uruguay, a 30% cut in China's pork production could reduce the price of soy meal by 3 to 5%. In an email to NPR, however, they noted that the analysis "is VERY preliminary and should be used with caution." The growing Chinese pork shortage is good news, though, for pork producers in the rest of the world: China is now starting to import more pork, driving up prices. McCracken says the epidemic is still going strong. "It's really hard to see how this is going to end," she says. "Though at some point there will just be better, more 'biosecure' facilities that have less of a chance of getting the virus." African Swine Fever is present in wild pigs in Europe. European pork producers have managed to protect their commercial herds from infection through careful precautions, preventing any potentially contaminated food or clothing from entering the facilities where pigs live. Almost half the pigs in China, on the other hand, came from hundreds of thousands of small, backyard operations, which have been particularly hard-hit by the epidemic. If those farms can't protect their animals from infection, they may not survive. | ||||
| Pig feed with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a BIOWEAPON - Google Search | ||||
The Mystery of the African swine fever in China and Asia
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Aug 26, 2019 - Despite the official ASF story, the virus has been used as a bio-weapon in the past. The suppression of such bio-threats requires multipolar ...
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| Infectious Dose of African Swine Fever Virus When Consumed Naturally in Liquid or Feed - Volume 25, Number 5May 2019 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal | ||||
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an emerging threat to swine production in North America and Europe. During the past decade, ASFV has spread into Eastern Europe and Russia (1,2) and most recently into China (3,4) and Belgium (5). Disease caused by ASFV is characterized by severe disseminated hemorrhage, and case-fatality rates approach 100% (6). The virus is a member of the Asfarviridae family and is the only known vectorborne DNA virus (7). Challenges to disease control include the lack of available vaccines and the potential for ASFV to become endemic in feral swine and ticks (8). Because no effective vaccine or treatment exists, preventing ASFV introduction is the primary goal of disease-free countries. Mitigation strategies during an African swine fever (ASF) outbreak are centered around restricting pig movement and conducting large-scale culling of infected herds. It is estimated that the introduction of ASFV into the United States would cost producers >$4 billion in losses (9).
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.Historical outbreaks, including the introduction of ASFV into the Caucasus region in 2007 and subsequent spread into Russia, have been attributed to feeding contaminated pork products (1) or direct contact with pigs (10). ASFV survives in meat and blood at room temperature for several months (11,12) and is resistant to temperature and pH extremes (13). Molecular characterization of the more recent ASFV incursions into China (4) and Siberia (14) demonstrate similarity in viral isolates to the Georgia 2007 strain of ASFV. These outbreaks have occurred in herds separated by thousands of kilometers (15). For example, ASFV spread 2,100 km from the city Shenyang in northern China to the city Wenzhou, south of Shanghai, in 3 weeks (16). Also, an ASFV incursion has been reported recently in a large-scale, high-biosecurity farm in Romania (17). Contaminated water from the Danube River has been implicated in introducing ASF onto the 140,000-pig breeding farm (18). Contaminated feed as a transmission vehicle for introducing transboundary animal diseases onto high-biosecurity swine operations has been recognized as a major risk factor since the introduction of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into the United States in 2013 (1924). The lesson learned from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus underscores the need to quantitate the risk that feed plays in the introduction of other transboundary animal diseases. Nonetheless, data defining the risk for ASFV transmission through feed or feed ingredients are limited. In 2014, the introduction and spread of ASFV in Latvia was associated with the feeding of virus-contaminated fresh grass or crops to naive pigs (25). Furthermore, recent work has demonstrated that ASFV survives in feed ingredients, such as conventional soybean meal, organic soybean meal, soy oil cake, and choline, under conditions simulating trans-Atlantic shipment from Eastern Europe to the United States (21). These reports suggest that the spread of ASFV might be attributed to less-recognized transmission routes, such as feed or water. ASFV can be transmitted experimentally through several routes, including intramuscularly, oronasally, or through direct contact (6). In many of the studies on oronasal transmission, however, ASFV was placed directly in the mouth or on the tonsils. The infectious dose of ASFV in plant-based feed or liquid consumed naturally is lacking; moreover, nothing has been reported regarding ASFV Georgia 2007 transmission in feed. Although field-based epidemiologic reports provide information suggesting routes of transmission, they provide little information about infectious dose. Thus, our objectives were to 1) define the relationship between infection probability and dose, 2) identify the minimum infectious dose (MID) or lowest dose required to result in ASFV infection of >1 pig, and 3) identify the median infectious dose (ID50) or dose required to result in ASFV infection of 50% of pigs for ASFV Georgia 2007 when consumed naturally in contaminated feed or liquid. ASFV Inoculum PreparationWe used an ASFV Georgia 2007/1 isolate (2) for this study. Viral stocks were created from spleen tissue collected from pigs during acute infection with ASFV Georgia 2007 (26). We minced splenic tissue and passed it through a cell strainer in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin and fungizone. We centrifuged the suspension at 4,000 × g for 30 min and stored the supernatant at 4°C. We then resuspended the pellet in sterile PBS with antibiotics and antimycotics and obtained additional virus by 3 freeze-thaw cycles. The suspension was centrifuged and clarified supernatant stored at 4°C.For virus titration, we collected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by using lung lavage of 35-week-old pigs. We cultured PAMs for 2 days in RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics in a 37°C 5% CO2 incubator. We then prepared 10-fold serial dilutions of virus in triplicate and added the dilutions to PAMs in a 96-well plate. After 3 days at 37°C, cells were fixed by using 80% acetone for 10 min. Cells were stained using a p30 monoclonal antibody (27) diluted 1:6,000. We incubated the plate at 37°C for 1 h and washed it 3 times with PBS. Bound antibody was detected by using a goat-anti mouse antibody (AlexaFluor 488; Thermo Fisher Scientific, https://www.thermofisher.comExternal Link) diluted 1:400 and incubated for 1 h at 37°C. We observed stained cells under an inverted fluorescence microscope (Evos FL; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and calculated the log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose per milliliter (TCID50/mL) according to the method of Reed and Muench (28). We made dilutions of the clarified ASFV Georgia 2007 splenic homogenate by using RPMI media, with doses ranging from 100 TCID50 to 108 TCID50 added to a final volume of 100 mL RPMI or 100 g complete feed. The feed was a typical corn soybean mealbased diet formulated to be nutritionally adequate according to the National Research Council recommendations for pigs weighing 1025 kg (29). The diet did not contain any animal-based feed ingredients. For mixing virus with feed, we allowed 10 mL of virus to absorb onto 100 g of feed in a 500 mL wide-mouth high-density polyethylene round bottle (Nalgene, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 s before homogenization by rolling and gently mixing the bottle by hand. Animals and HousingThe use of pigs and viruses in research was performed in accordance with the Federation of Animal Science Societies Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching and the US Department of Agricultures Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations. The research was approved by the Kansas State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the Institutional Biosafety Committee.We obtained 84 crossbred pigs (average age, 51.8 + 2.2 days) from a single high-health commercial source. Pigs were housed in 3 identical 66 m2 rooms at the Kansas State University Biosecurity Research Institute and maintained under Biosafety Level 3 agriculture containment conditions. Rooms were environmentally controlled, and complete exchange of air occurred 14.5 times/hour in each room. Pigs were maintained individually in 1.9 m2 pens, and each pen was separated by >1.5 m in the room. The stainless-steel pens were raised and contained slotted fiberglass flooring. Three sides of the pen were solid, with a fourth side consisting of bars and a gate. All efforts were made to prevent aerosol spread of virus. Negative control pigs were maintained in the room as a means to monitor the potential for cross-contamination between pens. Experimental DesignWe adapted the experimental design and approach for determining the median infectious dose of ASFV Georgia 2007 from previous work on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (30,31). We conducted 7 replicates for both liquid and feed, each composed of 6 pigs for liquid and 6 pigs for feed. In each replicate for feed or liquid, we administered 5 pigs a specific dose of ASFV; 1 pig served as the negative control. An adaptive study design was incorporated throughout the course of the experiment to result in the most precise estimate of the ID50 while maximizing the information gained from the trial (32,33). The most likely ID50 was based on a review of the available literature (3440). We used this information to identify the initial infectious dose tested of 103 TCID50 for liquid and 104 TCID50 for feed. After completion of the first replicate, we used the continual reassessment method to update the ID50 estimate (32,33). The results of each replicate were used to select dosages for subsequent replicates; in general, this process resulted in liquid doses decreasing and feed doses increasing after the initial replicates were completed. All replicates and pig numbers for each dose are shown in Table 1.For drinking, pigs consumed ASFV mixed in a 100-mL volume of RPMI media. Liquid was provided through a gravity-fed restricted-flow nipple drinker (Arato 76 Piglet Drinker; Ag Works International, http://www.agworksintl.comExternal Link) attached to an adjustable galvanized wall bracket (1.3 cm × 61 cm pipe; SMB Manufacturing, https://www.smbmfg.comExternal Link). If pigs became averse to drinking from a nipple, liquid medium was placed in a small stainless-steel bowl for pigs to drink. For feeding, pigs consumed ASFV mixed in a 100-g volume of complete feed provided in a 23-cm stainless-steel creep feeder (Vittetoe Inc., http://www.vittetoe.comExternal Link). Infectious titers of each virus dilution were back-titrated on PAMs by endpoint titration assay (TCID50/mL) to confirm accurate dosing. Negative control pigs received the same volumes of sterile media or complete feed without virus. Pigs were acclimated to the drinkers or feeders for 34 days before ASFV inoculation. During this acclimation period, water and feed (drinking) or feed alone (feeding) were withheld for 1014 hours before liquid media or feed was offered. Pigs were monitored during the drinking or eating process. Once pigs had consumed the specified volume of liquid or feed, pigs were given unrestricted access to feed and water until the next withholding period. After acclimation, 5 pigs in each replicate were offered the same substrate containing a specific dose of ASFV followed by unrestricted access to feed and water. We evaluated the pigs for clinical signs of ASF twice daily and collected blood from each pig at 0 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi). Pigs showing clinical signs before 5 dpi were humanely euthanized, and blood and tissues were collected. The remaining pigs were humanely euthanized on 5 dpi, and complete necropsies were performed. We determined infection status on the basis of real-time PCR detection of ASFV in the serum or spleen and virus isolation from the spleen. We constructed dose-response curves and calculated ID50, as described further in this article. ASFV PCRWe extracted nucleic acid from serum or splenic homogenate by using the MagMAX-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For nucleic acid isolation, we combined 50 μL of sample with 20 μL of Bead mix (containing lysis/binding solution, carrier RNA, and 100% isopropanol) on a U-bottom 96-well plate. Cells were lysed by using 130 μL lysis/binding solution and mixed for 5 minutes on a shaker. The beads were captured on a magnetic stand and washed twice using 150 μL Wash Solution 1 and 2 with a final elution volume of 50 μL.We performed PCR amplification of p72 according to King et al. (41). The primer and probe mixture was commercially synthesized by using PrimeTime Mini qPCR Assay (IDT Technologies, https://www.idtdna.comExternal Link): probe (5-[6-FAM]- CCA CGG GAG ZEN GAA TAC CAA CCC AGT G-3-[IBFQ]), sense primer (5-CTG CTC ATG GTA TCA ATC TTA TCG A-3), and anti-sense primer (5-GAT ACC ACA AGA TCR GCC GT-3). The 15 μL PCR mixture consisted of 10 μL 2X iTaq Universal Probes Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, http://www.bio-rad.comExternal Link), 1 μL 1X PrimeTime Mini (500 nM primers and 250 nM probe), and 4 μL nuclease-free water. We dispensed this mastermix into a Hard-Shell optical 96 well reaction plate (Bio-Rad Laboratories), added DNA samples, and briefly centrifuged the plate to remove air bubbles. We then performed real-time PCR on a CFX96 Real-Time System (Bio-Rad Laboratories) under the following conditions: 95°C for 2 min, followed by 45 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 58°C for 1 min, and 60°C for 30 s. We performed data analysis by using CFX96 software and reported results as cycle threshold values. Data AnalysisWe assessed infectivity by using 3 diagnostic methods (PCR of spleen, PCR of serum, and virus isolation of spleen), which resulted in 3 binary response variables (i.e., positive or negative) for each individual pig. We categorized ASFV infection as positive if >1 diagnostic test indicated evidence of infection. We analyzed all binary responses simultaneously to account for imperfect test agreement (4244).Without assuming a functional form for the relationship between dose and probability of infection, we used a constrained spline regression model. The constraints used were limited to the assumptions that infection probability increases as dose increases and that the relationship is continuous. We used a constrained regression spline within a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the infection probability at each dose for a single exposure based on the results of the 3 diagnostic methods. On the basis of the single exposure, we also modeled repeated exposures, assuming repeated exposures are independent events. Thus, we calculated the infection probability for multiple exposures as 1 (1 p)q, where p is the single-exposure infection probability and q is the number of exposures. Repeated exposures can be viewed interactively online (https://trevorhefley.shinyapps.io/asfvExternal Link). We used previously described algorithms for statistical model implementation (45,46) by using the cgam package in R (47). We have provided a tutorial with the computational details, annotated computer code to assist readers implementing similar models, and the necessary code to reproduce results and figures related to the analysis (Appendix).
A summary of the infection results is shown in Table 2. A total of 68 pigs were included in the study. No evidence of ASFV infection was detected in the 14 negative control pigs. Therefore, adequate biosecurity was maintained throughout the study. Of the 32 pigs with evidence of ASFV infection, 16 (50%) were positive on virus isolation and PCR of spleen, 8 (25%) were positive on virus isolation of spleen alone, and 8 (25%) were positive on all 3 tests. The 34 pigs in the feeding trial consumed the 100 g of feed in a mean + SD of 14.8 + 5.5 min (minimum 7 min, maximum 30 min). For the liquid trial, the 34 pigs consumed the 100 mL of ASFV-inoculated media in a mean + SD of 21.1 + 18.2 min (minimum 3 min, maximum 63 min). A small number of pigs (3/34 [8.8%]) averse to the restricted-flow nipples consumed media from a bowl.
Figure 1
Overall, the probability of infection increased as the dose increased for both feed and liquid (Figure 1). Reported as the lowest dose required to result in ASFV infection of >1 pig, the MID after liquid consumption was 100 TCID50, whereas 104 TCID50 was the MID required to result in infection after consumption of contaminated complete feed. For a single exposure, liquid had a higher infection probability compared with feed at doses up to 107.5 TCID50 where the 95% CIs overlap (Figure 1, panel A). At the highest dose tested in liquid (104 TCID50), 100% of pigs were infected with ASFV; in contrast, no feed dose resulted in a 100% infection rate in this experiment. Figure 1. Estimated liquid (blue line) and feed (black line) infection probability at different oral doses of ASFV based on experimental data to determine the infectious dose of ASFV when consumed naturally. Data...
Figure 2
When multiple exposures are considered, the infection probability increases at all dose levels for both liquid and feed (Figure 1, panels B and C). By 10 exposures with liquid, the probability of infection increases to near 1 at the lowest dose of 1 TCID50 ASFV. For feed with multiple exposures, we observed an increase in the width of the 95% CI at the lower dosages, indicating that with repeated exposures, the uncertainty in the infection probability increased. This result was attributable to fewer pigs being infected with lower doses and the lower infection probability for a single exposure. The distribution of plausible doses that could produce infection in 50% of pigs is shown in Figure 2. The ID50 was 101.0 (95% CI 100102.3) for liquid and 106.8 (95% CI 104.6108+) for feed. Figure 2. African swine fever virus (ASFV) ID50 distribution in a study determining the infectious dose of ASFV when consumed naturally in liquid or feed. For liquid, ID50 was 101.0, and for feed,...Top
Our study confirms the efficient transmission of ASFV by the oral route in liquid and feed lacking contaminated pork products and provides quantitative data for the Georgia 2007 strain. Early studies indicated a minimum dose of 105 50% hemadsorption doses (HAD50) of ASFV KWH/12 was required to cause infection when administered orally in milk (38). Later, Howey et al. (35) determined the infectious potential of 3 doses of ASFV Malawi 1983 delivered intraoropharyngeally to commercial pigs. Although a low dose of 102 HAD50 did not induce infection (0/2), moderate (104 HAD50) and high (106 HAD50) doses were sufficient to cause infection in 100% of the pigs (4/4) (35). More recently, a study demonstrated that even lower doses of a contemporary ASFV isolate related to ASFV Georgia 2007 was capable of inducing infection. Specifically, Pietschmann et al. (34) showed that oronasal doses as low as 3 and 25 hemadsorption units of ASFV Armenia 2008, when delivered in 2 mL of splenic suspension, caused infection in wild boar. Increased susceptibility was demonstrated in wild boar described as weak with poor condition (34).
In our study, we confirmed the high infectivity of ASFV Georgia 2007 through liquid by the oral route. Of note, the pigs in our study consumed the contaminated liquid naturally through drinking and were considered healthy and robust. Productive infection resulted in almost 40% of the pigs exposed to an ASFV liquid inoculum containing as little as 1 TCID50. The low infectious dose of ASFV through natural liquid consumption should be considered as a possible factor in the spread of ASF through water, consistent with the epidemiologic evidence linking the Danube River with ASF spread in Romania (18). ASFV delivered through liquid by the oronasal or intraoropharyngeal route might result in infection because of virus exposure of the nasopharynx, including the tonsils, or of the gastrointestinal tract. Because of the high stability of ASFV in a wide range of pH values (from 4 to 10) (13), survival in the acidic gastric environment is possible but unlikely. More likely is that liquid medium provides an ideal substrate for virus contact with the tonsils, where primary virus replication occurs after natural exposure to ASFV (38). Reports documenting experimental ASFV infection through contaminated feed involve consumption of tissues from infected animals. As early as 1954, it was reported that transmission of ASFV by oral feeding required a minimum dose of 105 (40). Parker et al. failed to infect pigs with homogenized tissues from warthogs containing 103.7106.1 HAD50 of ASFV administered in solid feed (37). In contrast, Colgrove et al. (39) successfully infected domestic pigs by adding 50 g of minced spleen and liver from an infected pig to solid feed. Each gram of tissue contained 107.0107.5 HAD50 of ASFV isolate Hinde WH II (39). Our experimental studies using the contemporary isolate Georgia 2007 show that ASFV infection through the consumption of plant-based feed requires a higher dose compared with liquid. Compared with liquid media, feed might stimulate salivary proteases that degrade virus integrity. Furthermore, the feed matrix might inhibit tonsillar contact, reducing virus exposure to lymphoid and epithelial tissues before gastrointestinal entry (36). Despite the higher MID in feed compared with liquid observed in this study, we hypothesize that feed might actually pose a higher risk compared with water sources in modern swine production systems. Feed delivery is a high-frequency event, and feed production is highly centralized; thus, contaminated feed can be easily distributed across a substantial number of pig farms. Pigs would also likely consume the contaminated feed in higher volumes (>100 g) and at higher frequencies (>1 exposure) than what was tested in our study. The likelihood of productive infection after consumption of ASFV-contaminated complete feed increases significantly after 3 or 10 exposures (Figure 1, panels B, C). Therefore, despite infection after consumption of ASFV in contaminated feed being a lower-probability event compared with liquid, the high frequency of exposure might make feed a more important risk factor for transmission. Adding to this risk is the fact that highly centralized feed mills use ingredients from a global distribution supply chain. For example, inventory from a midwestern US swine farm indicated feed ingredients originating from 12 countries in North America, Asia, and Europe (S.S. Dritz, unpub. data, 2018 Sep 6). As of February 2019, ASFV had spread to a high-biosecurity farm in Romania (17) and had been detected in pig herds located in >25 provinces of China, including the capital Beijing (48), with thousands of kilometers separating affected herds. How ASFV is moving across such vast areas within the largest pork-producing country in the world is unknown; however, movement of the virus within feed or feed ingredients should be considered. The results of our study demonstrate that ASFV can be easily transmitted orally through natural consumption of both liquid and feed, supporting the potential role of feed in the emergence of this virus in new pig populations throughout the world. Top
Dr. Niederwerder is an assistant professor of virology in the Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. Her research interests are in the pathogenesis, prevention, and control of emerging and endemic viral diseases of swine.
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Abstract. African swine fever (ASF) is a major threat to the pig industry in Europe. ... feed, as the main transmission routes of ASF virus (ASFV) to domestic pigs.
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Taken together, this study provides evidence that ASFV can be easily transmitted orally through contaminated liquid and feed when consumed naturally, with higher doses required for infection in complete feed, and provides additional information supporting the potential role of feed in ASFV transmission.
The Risk of Infection by African Swine Fever Virus in ...
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Jan 9, 2020 - The Risk of Infection by African Swine Fever Virus in European Swine Through ... The riskiest pathway for ASFV transmission to pigs was the ... to swill feeding with contaminated food waste, it became endemic in the Iberian ...
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Jun 18, 2019 - The spread of ASFV is facilitated by a number of factors, including its persistence for long periods in uncooked pork products, which may be fed to pigs in food scraps (pig swill), and its ability to become established in wild or feral suids.
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| Certain feed additives may be effective tools against ASF | ||||
ASF has been spreading rapidly, threatening pork production and human food security worldwide.
The study from the K-State research team, headed by Megan Niederwerder, assistant professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology in the College of Veterinary Medicine, was published in the journal Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. The team said the paper provides the first evidence that feed additives may be effective tools against the virus, that chemical feed additives may potentially serve as mitigants for reducing the risk of ASFV introduction and transmission through feed. "Over the last two years, ASF is estimated to be responsible for the death of at least 25% of the world's pig population due to the emergence of the virus within China and subsequent spread to over 10 other Asian countries," Niederwerder said. "In 2019, we published the first report of African swine fever virus, or ASFV, transmission through the natural consumption of plant-based feed. Our subsequent work has focused on mitigation of ASFV in feed through the use of chemical feed additives and heat treatment, she added. Niederwerder and her team examined two different classes of liquid feed additives, including a medium-chain fatty acid-based additive and a formaldehyde-based additive, for efficacy against ASF virus in cell culture and in feed ingredients. In general, the scientists observed that both chemical additives demonstrated evidence of reducing the virus infectivity, with data supporting dose-dependent efficacy. The study lead said there are currently no commercially available vaccines and no effective treatments that can be administered to pigs for ameliorating disease caused by the virus. Thus, control of ASF is focused on biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of the virus into negative countries or negative farms and regions within a positive country. The other method of containment would involve large-scale culling of infected or high-risk animals to contain the spread of the virus. "Our new research reports novel data evaluating the efficacy of feed additives on inactivating ASFV in an in vitro cell culture model and a feed ingredient transoceanic shipment model," Niederwerder said. "This will provide valuable information to the swine industry with regards to mitigating the risk of potential routes for introduction and transmission of ASFV through feed and ingredients." The K-State study was funded by a grant from the Swine Health Information Center and the State of Kansas National Bio and Agro-defense Facility Fund. While she said the results of the study are promising, Niederwerder emphasized the need for a multifaceted approach to reducing the risk of ASF virus in feed, including sourcing ingredients from countries without the virus when possible, applying holding times to high-risk ingredients, and implementing consistent biosecurity protocols at the feed mill. Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13699 Title: Mitigating the risk of African swine fever virus in feed with antiviral chemical additives Authors: MC. Niederwerder, S. Dee, DG Diel, A MM. Stoian LA Constance, M Olcha, V. Petrovan, G. Patterson, AG CinoOzuna, R RR Rowland | ||||
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Pyburn says ASF has continued to expand its territory globally. About five to six months ago it moved into Greece, but it looks like they might get it under control. "We also saw a couple of months ago it moved into India as well, so another country that has now been declared positive for the virus. In the countries of the Philippines, China, Vietnam, those Asian countries, we continue to see it expanding its territory within those countries and continues to affect more herds in those countries. They do not have it under control."
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Pyburn says even in that Eastern European area and in Poland as well, theyve seen continued ASF expansion. He says they continue to talk with Customs and Border Protection, because thats the first line of defense in making sure ASF doesnt come to the U.S.
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| 6:33 PM 7/13/2020 - Hypothetically, the mass infections with Sars-Cov-2 in Dutch (and probably other) Mink and their ability to transmit it to humans, indicate that the similar situation may exist in genetically close to them various river rats and sewer rats. They have to be tested! - M.N. | ||||
 Hypothetically, the mass infections with Sars-Cov-2 in Dutch (and probably other) Mink and their ability to transmit it to humans, indicate that the similar situation may exist in genetically close to them various river rats and sewer rats. They have to be tested! - M.N. | 6:33 PM 7/13/2020 ________________________________
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13/07/20 13:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Abstract Hantaviruses, Leptospira spp., and Babesia spp. are rodent-borne pathogens present worldwide. We studied multiple co-infections of small rodents in Croatia with all three pathogens. Twenty-ei...
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13/07/20 13:19 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks Michael_Novakhov shared this story . At least 35 states are seeing a rise in new cases compared to the previous week, according to Johns Hopkins University data. Both local and state leaders in the US have said in recent weeks new cases ... | ||||
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Jun 24, 2020 - Culling has already begun. Since June 5, nearly 600,000 of the 800,000 mink in the Netherlands have been killedsuffocated by carbon ...
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| Thousands of mink to be culled after SARS-CoV-2 found on 23rd farm | ||||
The Dutch government revealed on Monday that the 23rd mink farm in the country showed positive test results for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The farm houses two thousand female mink and their litters, and all of them will be culled as soon as possible, the Ministries of Health and Agriculture confirmed.
The newest discovery was made after the farm in Aarle-Rixtel, Noord-Brabant, reported animals that had health symptoms consistent with coronavirus disease Covid-19. All mink at the other 22 farms were also destroyed. "The government has already taken measures for all fur farms in the Netherlands ... to prevent further spread and to prevent CoV-2 from passing from mink to human, which plausibly happened at two companies," the ministries stated. At least three people in the country may have contracted the infection from mink. Measures included "a national transport ban for mink, a visitor ban in the stables and a strict hygiene protocol," the ministries noted. Mink farms will be banned in the Netherlands starting in 2024 at the conclusion of a transition period after Parliament voted to end the practice in 2013. Due to the outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, the government has been working on a scheme to assist firms who want to end their mink fur businesses early. | ||||
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Jun 23, 2020 - SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and has high infectivity, ... data, and generally supports prior studies' conclusions, finding similar levels of ... As such, this ancestral virus must have existed at least as early as 2013 (as one ... Scientists at the University of Calgary in Canada say that the novel coronavirus ...
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| The Disease X-19 - Michael Novakhov | 7.13.20 | ||||
The Disease X-19 - 7.13.20 Update
Covid-19 Review: The Pandemic As The Bio-Info-Weapon - The Disease X-19
I respectfully recommend to WHO and the Scientific Community to rename Covid-19 into the Disease X-19, because the etiology of this syndrome is highly uncertain, and it might involve more pathogens than Sars-Cov-2 alone (possibly Hantaviruses, ASF, and/or other infections). Furthermore; presently, as reported by the clinicians, the clinical picture appears to be the complex multi-organ multi-system failures, it looks quite different from the one which was initially observed and described in China in the beginning of 2020. It is more than just the terminology; it is the correct unbiased thinking and the correct, fruitful research and the interventions. Naturally, the broader outlook changes the perspectives on the evaluation: all the relevant lab tests have to be performed, including the old preserved samples. The comprehensive studies testing this hypothesis are needed. It looks like the from the times of Antiquity, the Co-infections were the preferred tool of the Biowarfare as the simple method of increasing the pathogenic efficiency. The unusual and well documented proliferation of rodents, including the large rats in the major cities globally, along with their noticeably abnormal behavior is a clue that they might be the vectors in the transmissions of the combined infections. The recent, in the last several years, mostly reported in 2013-1019 massive epizootics of the viral illnesses in pigs livestock in China are the reasons for concern as the possible source if infections in rodents and the possible zoonotic jump in the present Pandemic. This line of thought corresponds with the recently reported data about the earlier than thought previously emergence of the Pandemic: in the Spring-Summer of 2019, both in China and Europe. We have to understand the nature of the Disease X-19, before we attempt to determine its origins. Michael Novakhov | 7.13.20 | ||||
| The importance of multiparasitism: examining the consequences of co-infections for human and animal health | SpringerLink | ||||
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| Hantavirus : What are the chances of having both hantavirus and coronavirus infection in same human in china ? | ||||
Hantavirus : What are the chances of having both hantavirus and coronavirus infection in same human in china ?
"Hantaviruses in the Americas are known as New World hantaviruses and may cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Other hantaviruses, known as Old World hantaviruses, are found mostly in Europe and Asia and may cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)," the CDC website said.
The hantavirus case comes at a time when the total count of those infected by novel coronavirus globally is nearing the 400,000 mark and scientists are yet to find a cure for it. The global death toll has crossed the 16,500 mark.
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| Multiple Co-infections of Rodents with Hantaviruses, Leptospira, and Babesia in Croatia | ||||
Abstract
Hantaviruses, Leptospira spp., and Babesia spp. are rodent-borne pathogens present worldwide. We studied multiple co-infections of small rodents in Croatia with all three pathogens. Twenty-eight Apodemus flavicollis and 16 Myodes glareolus were tested for the presence of hantavirus RNA by real-time RT-PCR, Leptospira strains by renoculture method and Babesia DNA by PCR. Anti-hantavirus antibodies and anti-Leptospira antibodies were detected by serological methods. Very high infection rates with each pathogen were found in A. flavicollis: 20 of 28 rodents (71%) were infected with Dobrava virus, 13 rodents (46%) were infected with Leptospira, and 5 rodents (18%) were infected with Babesia. Multiple co-infections with all three pathogens were found in 3 of 28 (11%) A. flavicollis animals, suggesting that the same rodent host can be infected with several pathogens at the same time. Dual infections with both hantaviruses and Leptospira were found in 7 of 44 rodents (16%), with hantaviruses and Babesia in 2 rodents (5%), and double infection with both Leptospira and Babesia were found in 1 rodent (2%). Since hantaviruses, Leptospira, and Babesia have similar geographical distributions, it is to be expected that in other parts of the world multiple co-infections, representing a serious threat to public health, can be found.
Key Words: Babesia, Hantavirus, Leptospirosis, Rodent-borne, Zoonosis
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| COVID NYC Update: New York City reports no COVID deaths, but new concerns about infection rates | ||||
NEW YORK CITY (WABC) -- New York City marked its first 24-hour period without a
COVID-19
related death for the first time since the pandemic began, but officials are growing concerned about the rise in infection rates among younger people.
Mayor Bill de Blasio said the city is particularly concerned with an increase in coronavirus infections among 20 to 29 years olds.
"We are going to double down on efforts to reach young adults - digital media, messages from influencers, a night of action outreach all over the city at outdoor spots, mobile testing vans, mask giveaways. We are going to do everything to reach young adults to remind them they are not impervious," the mayor said.
He also introduced new guidance urging New York City residents to
wear face coverings in an indoor setting that is not their home
.
How to prevent 'Mask-Ne' aka Mask Acne
EMBED <>More VideosAs if living through a global pandemic wasn't hard enough... enter a brand new skin issue. It's called Mask-Ne (Mask Acne).
The city also announced 10 new testing sites in the Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn.
All centers accept walk-ins and all tests are free. Eight are already open and the other two will come online soon.
Mayor de Blasio said there is a huge strain on the testing labs.
"We now see in New York and around the country delays in testing results. The federal government has to step up now," he said, adding the city is asking President Trump for the Defense Production Act to expand lab capacity in America.
WATCH EYEWITNESS TO A PANDEMIC (Episode 4)
EMBED <>More VideosIt overwhelmed the health care industry, it put millions out of work, it drowned social services in an ocean of need and threatened the food supply Americans had long since taken for granted. At the apex of the crisis and for the weeks that followed, no part of life, or even what followed life, was spared.
MORE CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 COVERAGEabc7NY Phase Tracker:COVID-19 Help, Information. Stimulus and Business Updates UPDATES New York City New Jersey Long Island Westchester and Hudson Valley Connecticut REOPENING INFORMATION What's Open, What's Closed Reopening New York State Reopening New Jersey Reopening Connecticut Total count of NYC, Long Island COVID-19 cases based on patient address | ||||
| US coronavirus: Coronavirus cases continue to surge, reaching nearly 1 out of every 100 American | ||||
At least 35 states are seeing a rise in new cases compared to the previous week, according to Johns Hopkins University data.
Both local and state leaders in the US have said in recent weeks new cases are largely driven by Americans who have opted to resume gatherings and outings to bars. In
many states
, the average age of new cases has shifted downward, with more young people testing positive than ever before since the start of the pandemic.
To blunt the rise in case, at least 36 states now have
some type of mask requirement order
in place, and more than half of US states have paused or rolled back their reopening plans in efforts to contain the spread of the virus.
People need to 'follow the rules'Miami Mayor Francis Suarez said on CNN's "New Day" on Monday that the numbers are "out of control."Americans need to follow the rules on social distancing and wearing masks, which are required for citizens in public in the city of Miami, the mayor said. "If they don't follow the rules, things are going to continue the way they are going," he said.
In Atlanta, where the mayor
attempted to require citizens to wear masks and revert the city back to its first phase of reopening to combat a rise in cases, Gov. Brian Kemp slammed the decision saying it was
"both non-binding and legally unenforceable.""I think that it's unfortunate that when we know the science says wearing a mask is one of the easiest ways to stop the spread, that we had the leader to our state taking exception with it," she said. Miami's Suarez said officials need to have a consistent message at the local, state and national levels. "A lot of the decisions have been pushed down to local officials that probably should have been done at the federal and state levels," he said.
US Surgeon General Jerome Adams
said the country could turn the rise of cases around in "two (to) three weeks." But that is based on whether "we can get a critical mass of people wearing face coverings, practicing at least 6 feet of social distancing, doing the things we know are effective," Adams said Sunday on CBS' "Face the Nation."
The surge in cases comes as the White House is
making a concerted effort to discredit Dr. Anthony Fauci
, the government's top infectious disease expert, as he becomes increasingly vocal about his concerns over reopening the country during the national surge in coronavirus cases. The moves to undercut Fauci come just days after he gave an unvarnished look at his relationship with President Donald Trump, including that they have not spoken in weeks.
'This thing is just about everywhere'Across the country, health officials are sounding the alarm over the number of infected patients seeking medical care.In Florida, 8,038 patients are hospitalized across the state with the primary diagnosis of coronavirus as of Monday morning, according to new numbers released by the state's Agency for Health Care Administration. At the peak of the pandemic in New York, the highest number of hospitalizations for Covid-19 was 18,825. Florida's three most populous counties, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach, are experiencing the highest numbers of coronavirus-related hospitalizations. In Broward County, home to Fort Lauderdale, there was a 279% increase in hospitalizations overnight, the agency reported. In the past 13 days, Miami-Dade County has seen a 65% increase in the number of Covid-19 patients hospitalized, a 67% increase in the number of ICU beds being used and a staggering 129% increase in the use of ventilators, according to the latest data released by Miami-Dade County government. Across the state, there are more than 7,500 patients hospitalized with the virus, state data showed Sunday. In Florida's Orange County, where Disney World reopened over the weekend, more than 540 patients were in hospitals. In Los Angeles County, health officials reported more than 3,300 new cases Sunday -- the second highest daily case count in the last week. There are nearly 2,100 people hospitalized, a number "substantially higher" than hospitalizations a month ago, officials said. Texas reported 8,136 new cases on Sunday, down from the record 10,351 new cases reported on Saturday. County Judge Lina Hidalgo, the executive overseeing Harris County, the largest in Texas, called on Sunday for a stay-at-home order to be issued.
"Not only do we need a stay home order now, but we need to stick with it this time until the hospitalization curve comes down, not just flattens," Hidalgo
tweeted
. "Many communities that persevered in that way are reopening for the long haul. Let's learn from that & not make the same mistake twice."
In Arizona, 89% of ICU beds are currently in use and 86% of all hospital beds in use,
according to the Arizona Department of Health Services
. Dr. Ross Goldberg, president of Arizona Medical Association, said the longer length of stay by Covid-19 patients is putting pressure on hospitals.
There was a glimmer of good news. | ||||
| 12:39 PM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus: 169 new cases in Italy, deaths up by 13 - Disease X-19 News Review In Brief | ||||
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» Disease X-19 Regions from Michael_Novakhov (8 sites): Google Alert - coronavirus in italy: Coronavirus: 169 new cases in Italy, deaths up by 13
13/07/20 11:43 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) (ANSA) - ROME, JUL 13 - The health ministry said Monday that there have been 169 fresh COVID -19 infections in Italy in the last 24 hours. Google Alert - coronavirus in italy Disease X-19 Regions from Michael_Novakhov (8 sites)
» Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since March
13/07/20 11:41 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since March 11:36 AM 7/13/202...
» Covid-19 Review: The Pandemic As The Bio-Info-Weapon The Disease X-19: Michael Novakhov SharedNewsLinks: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have
13/07/20 11:41 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review. Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since March 11:36 AM 7/13/202...
» mikenov on Twitter: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since MarCovid-19-Review: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus
13/07/20 11:39 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since Mar Covid-19-Review: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus rat...
» Covid-19 Review: The Pandemic As The Bio-Info-Weapon The Disease X-19: Covid-19-Review: 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for
13/07/20 11:38 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since March 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 Michael Novakhov SharedNewsLinks |&...
» Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites): Google Alert - Coronavirus and pet food: New Report Explored Global Pet Supplements and Nutraceuticals Market Demand Would Increase ...
13/07/20 11:33 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) Pet Supplements and Nutraceuticals Market is anticipated to discover Robust ... Foods, WellPet, ALC INovators, Robinson Pharma, Diana Pet Food , Symrise AG, ... The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID -19) are ......
» Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites): Google Alert - Coronavirus silent spreaders: Researchers Confirm COVID-19 'Silent Spreaders' In The US And Europe Carry A Deadlier Strain
13/07/20 11:33 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) In a recent discovery of sorts, scientists now believe that a cell infected by the novel coronavirus is likely to spread a large number of unidentified ... Google Alert - Coronavirus silent spreaders Disease X-19 Epidemiology from M...
» Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites): Google Alert - coronavirus outbreak: TCNJ will cut costs for students due to the coronavirus outbreak
13/07/20 11:22 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) The College of New Jersey will reduce costs to help families struggling financially due to the coronavirus outbreak . The college's Board of Trustees ... Google Alert - coronavirus outbreak Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Nov...
» Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites): Google Alert - Covid-19: genetic studies: Neanderthal DNA linked to COVID-19 risk
13/07/20 11:22 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) In a separate study published last month, scientists identified a cluster of genes on Chromosome 3, that were more common among COVID - 19 ... Google Alert - Covid-19: genetic studies Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov...
» Disease X-19 Origins from Michael_Novakhov (3 sites): Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins: Media Outlets Examine US Withdrawal From WHO, Calls For Agency's Reform, Efforts To ...
13/07/20 11:11 from Disease X-19 from Michael_Novakhov (82 sites) The two-person team from the World Health Organization (WHO) traveling to China [on July 10] to address the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic is ... Google Alert - Sars-Cov-2 origins Disease X-19 Origins from Michael_Novakhov (3 sites) | ||||
| 11:36 AM 7/13/2020 - Coronavirus rate growing fast in US military: Defense Department, World News | Hundreds of Army and Air Force Recruits Have Tested Positive for COVID-19 Since March | ||||
11:36 AM 7/13/2020 Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks | InBrief | - |
Food : NPR.
Disease X-19 Epidemiology from Michael_Novakhov (39 sites).
Covid-19-Review.
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